By definition, reliable quantitative data on moonlighting does not exist.
In an attempt to measure its impact, economists proceed by survey or statistical extrapolation from the results of state administration controls.
According to the work of economist and professor at the University of Linz, Friedrich Schneider, the underground economy (undeclared work, illegal market production and non-market production) represented 12.3% of the French gross domestic product (GDP). in 2016.
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Great difference on the cost of "moonlighting"
France is, according to its calculations, significantly below the average for EU countries (which stands at 17.9% of GDP), with unsurprisingly recorded records in the South, including 19.5% of the underground economy GDP for Italy and 20.8% for Greece.
However, the levels recorded in the other developed economies appear to be much lower: 5.6% for the United States, 6.2% in Switzerland or 8.5% in Japan.
Undeclared work (in a production setting
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