At the gates of Europe, a conflict has been going on for seven years without NATO knowing how to provide an answer.
Yet it is his influence that is in question.
Since the invasion of Crimea in 2014 by the troops of Vladimir Putin, the Ukrainian crisis has crystallized tensions between the West and Russia.
For Moscow, it was out of the question to let Kiev move closer to the Atlantic Alliance, as it had promised in 2008, and lose its access point to the Black Sea.
The warning had already been given when Russia launched a lightning offensive against Georgia, which had been made the same promise to join.
Three months after US President Joe Biden entered the White House, Vladimir Putin seems determined to test NATO's capacity for action once again.
This has remained relatively low so far.
Since 2014, the Alliance has left the hand to diplomacy, led by Berlin and Paris, and to the OSCE for an evanescent presence
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