What is a synecdoche?
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From the Greek
sunekdokhe
(simultaneous understanding), synecdoch is like metonymy a substitute figure, which is why some make it a subclass of it.
I find this judgment very severe when you consider the richness of its possibilities.
By considering two aspects of the same thing it can take:
the part for the whole: to
make sail (for the sailing boat), new faces (for new people), a herd of a hundred heads (for a hundred animals), not to put the nose outside (it is the your whole body that you are going to put out and not just your nose);
all for the part:
Bordeaux won the final (for the Bordeaux team), a mink coat (the coat is only made with the animal's fur), vacuum the living room (it is only the living room floor that the vacuum cleaner will clean and not the entire room);
the species for the genus: this is what La Fontaine does in
Le Lion et le Moucheron
when the lion addresses the midge in these terms: "
Go away, puny insect ...
" and when he speaks of the lion by saying: “
The quadruped foams…
” He also does it in: “
The Tree
[instead of oak]
stands firm; the Roseau folds
”; "
Your compassion," replied the
Shrub [instead of reed]
…
".