Do you speak the "woke"?

What is "wokism"?

Who are these

, who speak of

,

and

?

What do the words

or

?

This movement, born in the United States, is articulated around a set of specific terms, borrowed from English, from sociological concepts or which sometimes go back to Ancient Greece.

returns to this often obscure jargon that must be mastered in order to understand the ideological issues it designates.

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● Woke

Derived from English, the word

properly means

.

It was used as a formula in the United States in African American communities throughout the 20th century.

then means:

to the social injustices that weigh on these communities.

The

phenomenon

became popular in 2008, as Pierre Valentin underlines in his study

, through music.

Georgia Anne Muldrow sings:

(

).

Asked about the meaning of this word, she answers:

The word was then taken up by the

and its meaning was broadened:

today encompasses everything relating to injustices and oppressions, the fight of which is carried as a banner by its followers. .

The

must

, that is to say free themselves and fight the

who use their privileges over them.

● Intersectionality

Here again, it is a question of a relationship between

and

. Intersectionality, a word still absent from dictionaries, belongs to the field of sociology and social psychology. If we refer to the Office de la langue française in Quebec, this concept was described by the African-American lawyer Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, in 1989,

More generally,

designates the different forms of

. They can be founded

In short, the word encompasses all forms of struggles, based on all forms of

which denounce all

.

To try to find an etymology to the word, let us underline that

is borrowed from the Latin

,

and that

comes from the Latin

,

, then, in geometry,

, and finally

.

● Cultural appropriation

Recently, the singer

, who renamed herself

, then a few days ago

, was accused of

by Internet users on Twitter.

He has been criticized for

a name of Arabic origin (which means

),

making proof of abusive authority over a culture that is not his.

Cultural appropriation is, as defined by the Office québécois de la langue française,

● Deconstructivism

This word comes from an architectural trend that emerges at the end of the 20th century, which

, notes Larousse. Strongly influenced by Derrida,

,

is now widely used by

. What do they want to deconstruct? Sandrine Rousseau, former candidate for the ecological primary, said at the end of July in the weekly show

on Twitch that she

then on LCI, on September 22

and be

.

Understand here a man, and more generally the so-called

, who seek to get rid of their privileges and a set of habits that society has granted them.

The

and intends to

the discrimination and inequality by getting rid of

.

● Racialized / trans-racialism

Take the example of singer Christine and the Queens (who again changed her stage name to:

).

Not only accused of

, she was accused of engaging in

, that is to say, as Benjamin Sire specified in an article in

,

We find the word in the columns of Robert:

● Adelphité

This word is the prerogative of a so-called

feminism

(which includes all forms of discrimination against women). He claims to speak of

, rather than

about women, for the sake of greater

.

comes from the Greek

, which means

. It literally means

, according to the Treasury of the French language. It therefore includes the brother (

) and the

(

), without making any gender distinction. Speak

would therefore make it possible to include men and women without differentiating them by their sex.

● Black-face / white washing

To make up your face in black, whether it is to play a black character in the theater, in the cinema, or as a disguise, when you are white, is a practice denounced by the

under the

anglicism

, or

. This practice, very popular in French vaudevilles at the end of the 18th century, was imagined, as stated by the historian of the performing arts and author of

(Actes Sud-Papiers, 2020) Sylvie Chalaye on France Culture… by the slaves themselves. In the 17th century,

.

They did so, inserting into their game a satire of the treatment inflicted by their masters, without the latter realizing it.

The

was popularized in the United States under the name of

, then exported to Europe.

Today, the

is considered

and a marker of

.

Note the existence of another concept,

, also fought by

, which consists in accusing white actors of playing the roles of black people.

● Cancel culture

The

, in French

, advocates

or

in the public space statues, literary and artistic works or personalities deemed

.

Recently, the socialist mayor of Rouen Nicolas Mayer-Rossignol proposed to replace the statue of Napoleon which sits on the Place de l'Hotel-de-Ville by an effigy of Gisèle Halimi,

.

Wiping a hail of criticism, he defended himself on Twitter that he did not see why