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(CNN) -
Travis McAdam reviews local newspapers and extremist social media content, as well as receiving personal reports from community members about the threats.
Some reports detail the protests that swarm in front of the home of a Public Health official.
Others describe hostile voicemail messages or emails sent to Health officials.
McAdam, an expert on extremism and white nationalism for the Montana Human Rights Network, has been monitoring threats of violence directed against Public Health officials in Montana and, at times, Northern Idaho.
Throughout the pandemic, these threats have become a national problem in the United States.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has spoken openly about receiving death threats.
Barbara Ferrer, Los Angeles County Director of Public Health, has also spoken about receiving hate mail and threats dating back to March of last year.
In Washington state, Okanogan County Community Health Director Lauri Jones said she installed a new security system and called for police patrols around her home after repeated threats online.
Investigators have also found that some of the threats against public health officials come from people with known links to far-right groups.
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Now, there is renewed concern that such bullying could increase across the country with upcoming efforts to vaccinate young children against COVID-19.
"There is a possibility that that will end up being one of these flash points where threats and harassment increase again," McAdam told CNN.
"Every time there is a new event during the pandemic, the possibility of bullying increases."
"I can only imagine that this will increase."
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering licensing the Pfizer / BioNTech covid-19 vaccine for children ages 5 to 11.
With approval from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the vaccines could be administered as early as next week.
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Pending that clearance, Public Health officials plan to help vaccinate those minors, but their efforts could be accompanied by further threats and harassment from the small minority of Americans who are skeptical against vaccines or of covid-19.
"Unfortunately, I anticipate that this will be the case," wrote Brooke Torton, a senior attorney for the Public Health Law Network, in an email to CNN.
"I can only imagine that this will increase once younger children start getting vaccinated."
Public Health officials continue to face threats for simply administering the vaccine due to widespread misinformation, Torton noted, and the idea of vaccine requirements has the potential to cause outrage among some parents.
Certain vaccine program managers have already experienced intimidating posts online during the pandemic, Claire Hannan, executive director of the Association of Immunization Managers, told CNN.
The association even discussed plans with some of its members to organize awards to doctors and community leaders for being "leaders" in vaccination, but some members expressed concern that such an award could lead to threats and harassment against the recipients, he said. Hannan.
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"Those who speak out against vaccines and do that kind of harassment are still a very small minority, and I think it will continue to do so," he said.
"But every time there is a new initiative, or in this case, a new vaccine for children, then it is something that we have to consider that there is going to be a backlash from the anti-vaccine side."
"The same professionals who are trying to protect us are being unfairly attacked"
Although Public Health officials have feared for their safety during the pandemic, harassment appears to increase each time new covid-19 mitigation efforts or policies are implemented, said Lori Tremmel Freeman, executive director of the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) to CNN.
"At this point, things are so politically divided that I think any new initiative associated with this disease, any new effort to mitigate it, be it a vaccine or more use of masks in schools, etc., will be hyper-politicized," Freeman said.
"It seems that the environment that we find ourselves in at the moment is conducive to people really speaking their politics while ignoring health advice, which is just unfortunate," Freeman added.
"The very professionals who are trying to protect us are being unjustly attacked, and that is really a threat to all of us."
Last week, NACCHO sent a letter to US Attorney General Merrick Garland, requesting "that he include the protection of officials and personnel of the Department of Public Health in his directive for federal authorities to meet with authorities. local, state, tribal and territorial to address the increased risk of harassment, intimidation and threats of violence against school-related personnel, ”reads the letter, signed by Freeman.
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Freeman has not yet received a response from Garland's office, but said he wrote the letter because they don't want to "wait until a tragedy happens to raise this to the highest levels" they can.
The letter noted that some health officials have had to start driving unmarked cars or install home security cameras, others have had to rely on police escorts and 24-hour security, while others are concerned that their children are attacked.
"These threats have come at a price: at least 300 leaders of the Department of Public Health have left their posts since the pandemic began, affecting 20% of Americans. In many cases, they have been verbally abused and physically threatened," according to the letter.
"It is noteworthy that many of these threats have included misogynistic and racist overtones, further damaging these officials."
Torton wrote in his email to CNN that the discussions he has had with Public Health officials across the country "certainly reveal a pattern of abuse directed at Public Health officials who are also women and racial, sexual and gender minorities" and "It seems they are more likely to be a target."
Torton was not involved in NACCHO's letter to the US Attorney General.
The problem of extremists who speak frequently about their cause
There is emerging evidence that members of extremist groups could be behind some of the harassment directed at Public Health officials, according to the nonprofit civil rights group Southern Poverty Law Center.
"Tracking the political violence in recent months and the anti-government militia movement over decades, we find this trend of increasing threats and intimidation directed at local Public Health officials, as well as other local officials, to be very concerning," Rachel Carroll Rivas, Senior Research Analyst at the Southern Poverty Law Center, wrote in an email to CNN.
"Our investigation indicated that some of the threats come from people with known affiliations with far-right organizations that have been advocating and participating in violence."
McAdam, in Montana, told CNN that he has seen similar trends in his own research.
Specifically in Montana, McAdam has also noted that members of anti-government militia groups have started associating with people who protest and harass Public Health officials.
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See what happens next
For some extremist organizations that threaten, the same people angered by the covid-19 mitigation measures and Public Health agents, are ready to be recruited, McAdam said.
"Remember the anti-lockdown rallies that were taking place in state capitals or outside county courthouses or other public buildings? It wasn't necessarily that anti-government crowds and militia crowds were organizing all of this, but they were showing up at those spaces, "McAdam said.
"For them, it was the main recruiting grounds, because there are generally conservative-minded people who are really mad at the government right now," he said.
"They started to take advantage of some of that anger."
Carroll Rivas noted in his email that the attacks and harassment against local Public Health officials provide extremist organizations with the opportunity to "channel their anti-government talking points" into the mainstream.
"Covid-19 conspiracies and misinformation organizing include a mix of far-right actors and organizations, as well as mainstream politicians and ordinary people. The recruiting group is sadly large," he wrote.
"Focusing attacks at the local level is a basic tactic of the anti-government militia movement and the extreme right."
Push to support public health
Passing and enforcing effective laws with strict penalties for individuals who threaten and harass Public Health officials, launching public health educational campaigns and investing more in public health could help curb frequent bullying, wrote Torton, the lead attorney for Public Health, in your email to CNN
"Public health needs its image to be strengthened," Torton said.
"It has been damaged and politicized during this pandemic."
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To combat the growing danger of extremist recruitment and threats to the safety of Public Health officials, McAdam said community members who support public health must speak out more in support of science and speak out against hatred. .
"What's happening in a lot of these public gathering spaces is that there are extremists and bullies who dominate those spaces where these issues are discussed and decisions are made," McAdam said.
"Right now, it feels like there is a void in some communities where only those bullies are really being listened to," he said.
"The rest of us, most of us who want to take the pandemic seriously and want to take these steps, we must make sure that our voices are also heard."
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