French.
English.
Anglicisms.
This constant back and forth between our two languages is ancestral.
Linguistic exchanges between English-speaking and French-speaking countries have been alive for centuries.
And we are sometimes unaware that some of these anglicisms which nibble more and more the language of Molière are at the origin ... French!
To understand these exchanges, let's go back to 1066.
During the Norman conquest, William the Conqueror imposed French as the language of the Court and of the government.
As told in the columns of
Figaro
Anthony Lacoudre, author of
The Incredible History of French Words in English
:
“All of English land passed into the hands of people who spoke French.
It was then that it became the language of the elite, of commerce, of communication, of school ”
.
More than 250,000 words thus crossed the Channel to invade English.
Overview.
»READ ALSO - Five Anglicisms to kick out of the French language
● Crush
“This is my crush”
is a popular statement today. The younger generations are particularly fond of it.
"Crush"
,
"love at first sight"
,
"crush"
... These words have been swept aside in favor of the
"crush"
. But did you know that the verb
"to crush"
, which means
"to crush, to crush"
, is originally very French? It is borrowed, as the French Academy recalls, from the old French
cruisir
, one of the many variants of
croissir
,
"to break, to break, to break, to destroy"
.
If this meaning is a bit more violent than the one we give it today, it is reminiscent of the French metaphors
"falling for someone"
and
"love at first sight"
, which illustrate the violence of feelings. that fall on our heads.
● Spoiler
It is an act that should be prohibited by law. Who has never suffered from an unwelcome visitor (
“Just two minutes from the film, promise!”
) The end of a story, whether in the cinema or in a novel? The latter is a
"spoiler"
. An English word from French. Indeed, the English verb
to spoil
,
"
gâcher
,
abîmer
"
comes from the old French
espoillier
, itself from the Latin
spoliare
. It is from these sources that the current forms of
“plunder”
and
“
plunder”
come to us
. Fascinating! As for the verb
"spoiler"
, it is only a
"Bastard cross between English, by its radical, and French, by its termination"
, we read in the heading Saying, not saying, held by the immortals.
Note that there is a French equivalent to the
“spoiler”
: the
“disclâcheur”
.
● Customize
Here again, French is at the origin of this Anglicism.
“Customiser”
is very frequently used in French as a synonym for
“personalize”
or
“modify”.
Thus sentences:
"I customized my apartment, my car"
. This verb comes from the English
to customize
, or
"make to order, personalize"
. The latter is first derived from
custom
,
"custom, habit"
, then
"clientele"
, itself derived from the old French
custume.
.
Like a ping-pong ball, the word was therefore born in France, before crossing the Anglo-Saxon borders, then returning with force and noise to us, to the detriment of its French equivalents.
● Hobby
It all started with a story ... of a horse. Leafing through the dictionary, we learn that the word appears in 19th century English in the form of
"hobby-horse"
. He then designated
"a little horse"
,
"a hobbyhorse, a hobby"
. It is attached to the old French
hobin
, which was, at the end of the 12th century, the name given to a white horse. It becomes
"hobby-horse"
(
horse
in English meaning
"horse"
) to designate a kind of petticoat used in comic or burlesque shows. It then means
"child's toy"
or
"merry-go-round horse"
. This is how the idea of
"Toy"
, in the sense of
"mania, activity of relaxation"
.
● Stress
As astonishing as it may seem, this English word, now fully entered into our language, is French.
Its history is abundant!
It first appeared on the Anglo-Saxon shores in the 14th century in the form of
“stress”
, or
“force, constraint, effort, tension”
.
According to the Trésor de la langue française, it seems to come from Anglo-Norman
“destresse”
, which corresponds to the old French word originally from French
“distress”
.
The latter also gave birth to English
"distress"
.
Its meaning is the same as in Anglo-Norman:
“tension, embarrassment, constraint, hindrance”
.