In terms of health, the global surveillance network has enabled the early detection of the new Omicron variant. Spectacular advances in science are providing effective vaccines against severe forms and early treatments, including merck's molnupiravir and Pfizer's Paxlovid. From an economic and social standpoint, resilience has clearly improved and the continuity of national life is better assured. States can reactivate aid measures by targeting them finely to the most affected sectors. Companies and households now know how to produce and consume in the context of rigorous health measures. The fall in activity compared to 2019, which reached nearly 20% in the OECD during the first confinement, is now limited to 2.8%.
But the long duration of the epidemic also generates new risks.
Health measures and vaccination do not achieve collective immunity and are met with resistance
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