Russia’s military operation in Ukraine has been completed for a month. The United States announced energy sanctions against Russia two weeks ago, prohibiting the import of Russian oil and natural gas. However, allies in Europe have always been deeply dependent on Russian energy, and the degree of dependence varies from country to country. There is still no consensus on the strength.
Comprehensive sanctions against Russian energy?
No oil or gas?
Each member state has its own plans. Especially in the promotion of carbon reduction in Europe, imported natural gas is still an important pillar in the energy structure of many countries. Countries are racing against time to find alternative solutions, but is it easy?
In 2019, 39% of the energy used in the EU was produced by itself, and the remaining 61% was imported by third countries. The energy structure is mainly composed of five sources, including 36% of petroleum products (including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, etc.), 22 % natural gas, 15% renewable energy, 13% nuclear energy and 13% solid fossil fuels.
In 2019, of the EU's natural gas imports, 41.1% came from Russia, 16.2% from Norway, 7.6% from Algeria, and 5.2% from Qatar.
(eurostat)
Petroleum products account for two-thirds of the EU's energy imports, followed by natural gas at 27% and solid fossil fuels at 6%.
Russia is the single largest supplier of these three energy sources.
Taking 2019 data as an example, crude oil accounted for 27%, natural gas accounted for 41%, and solid fossil fuels (mainly coal) also accounted for 47%.
Second is the Norwegian crude oil and natural gas.
The energy sanctions against Russia highlight the embarrassment of Biden’s internal and foreign affairs. Targeted sanctions have become the main tool of foreign policy, but they have been limited in success. Energy is heavily dependent on Russia and EU officials: sanctions hurt their own economy
Therefore, in this Ukraine crisis, it is probably not only Ukraine that is seriously injured, but also Europe, which has always relied heavily on Russian energy.
This issue of the "Hong Kong 01" electronic weekly report will focus on sorting out data such as energy mix and sources of European countries, and will introduce the energy structure and import situation in various parts of Europe...
For details, please read the 310th issue of "Hong Kong 01" Electronic Weekly (March 28, 2022) "
Who has the "confidence" to get rid of Russia? A list
of European energy fundamentals
.
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