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Malaria|Patients can die within 24 hours to distinguish symptoms, transmission routes and dengue fever

2022-08-06T11:54:54.676Z


A number of malaria cases have been recorded in Hong Kong since July, and at least two deaths have been reported so far (June 6). There are currently 58 malaria patients admitted to public hospitals, of which one is in critical condition. According to the Centre for Health Protection, malaria is a serious


A number of malaria cases have been recorded in Hong Kong since July, and at least two deaths have been reported so far (June 6). There are currently 58 malaria patients admitted to public hospitals, of which one is in critical condition.

According to the Centre for Health Protection, malaria is a serious and fatal disease caused by parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. After a female Anopheles mosquito bites a patient with malaria and becomes infected, the malaria is transmitted when it bites another person. Malaria is not transmitted from person to person. , but can be transmitted through blood or mother-to-fetus.


Malaria is most common in tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. Patients usually suffer from fever, headache and vomiting, as well as convulsions and circulatory failure. Patients can die within 24 hours.

"Hong Kong 01" combines information from the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection and the World Health Organization to organize the knowledge of malaria, and compares the dengue fever that also uses mosquitoes as vectors and has had local cases to answer the public's concerns.


Malaria is common in regions with warm climates such as Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, and is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.

(Getty Images)

According to the WHO Global Malaria Strategy report, malaria has been a scourge of mankind since ancient times, and despite being a preventable and treatable disease, it still has a devastating impact on the health and livelihoods of people around the world, 2020 An estimated 241 million new malaria cases and 627,000 related deaths are expected in 85 countries in 2019, with more than 3 in 2 deaths among children under 5 years of age in the WHO African Region.

WHO pointed out that between 2000 and 2015, WHO made steady progress in reducing the global burden of malaria, but progress has slowed or even stalled in recent years, especially in high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim for a 90% reduction in burden.

Tedros: The picture shows the World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus attending a press conference in Geneva, Switzerland on December 20.

(AP)

Malaria Information:


1. Pathogens

Malaria is a serious and fatal disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. This disease is common in regions with warm climates, such as tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, and Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania are the hardest hit areas.

Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus. This virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and is common in tropical and subtropical regions. For example, in many neighboring Southeast Asian countries, dengue fever has become an endemic disease. There are four different serotypes of dengue virus. Each type can cause dengue fever and severe dengue fever.

WHO analysis of malaria case distribution in Guinea.

2. The way of transmission

Malaria is a disease transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. When a female Anopheles mosquito bites a patient with malaria, the mosquito becomes infected, and when it bites another person, it spreads the malaria.

Although not transmitted from person to person, malaria

can be transmitted through the transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, organ transplantation, or the sharing of needles or syringes. It can also be transmitted from the mother to the fetus or newborn baby during pregnancy or childbirth .

Similar to malaria, when a patient with dengue fever is bitten by the vector Aedes mosquito, the mosquito will have the opportunity to spread the virus by biting other people. The disease is also

not transmitted from person to person

. In recent years, no Aedes aegypti mosquito, which mainly transmits dengue fever, has been found in Hong Kong. But Aedes albopictus, which can also transmit dengue fever, is a common mosquito species.

3. Symptoms

Malaria patients usually have symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain and weakness, cough, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Complications include anemia, cramps, circulatory system failure, organ failure, such as kidney failure, etc. Coma, the

patient can die within 24 hours of infection.

Symptoms of dengue fever include high fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes and rash. Some people may have no obvious symptoms or only mild symptoms such as fever.

The initial infection with dengue is generally mild, and subsequent infections with other serotypes of dengue virus have a higher chance of developing severe, fatal dengue.

4. Incubation period

The incubation period of malaria varies with the species of the causative Plasmodium parasite. Symptoms usually appear 7 to 30 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito, but the incubation period can be several months or longer.

The incubation period for dengue fever is generally 3 to 14 days, usually 4 to 7 days.

5. Treatment

Current medicines are effective in treating malaria, but early diagnosis and treatment are especially important for a complete cure.

Doctors will prescribe antimalarial drugs and other supportive treatments, and patients must complete the entire course of antimalarial drugs as directed by the doctor to ensure complete eradication of the malaria parasite.

At present, there is no treatment for dengue fever and severe dengue fever. Patients with dengue fever generally recover on their own, and patients with severe dengue fever must receive timely supportive treatment. The main purpose is to maintain the operation of the blood circulatory system. As long as there is proper and timely diagnosis and treatment, severe dengue fever The mortality rate is less than one percent.

▼On July 25, those returning to Hong Kong at the airport are waiting to take a special bus to the quarantine hotel▼


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6. Preventive measures for malaria and dengue fever

At present, there is no registered malaria vaccine in Hong Kong. If a woman is infected with malaria during pregnancy, it may have adverse effects on the pregnant woman and the fetus. Therefore, unless it is necessary, pregnant women should avoid going to areas where malaria is endemic.

Both diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes, so mosquito control measures are very important.

Anopheles are not common in Hong Kong, and the FEHD has established the Hong Kong Aedes albopictus Density Index.

Members of the public should wear loose, light-colored long-sleeved tops and trousers, apply insect repellent containing DEET to exposed skin and clothing, and avoid using scented cosmetics or skin care products when outdoors. Reuse insect repellent as directed.

If you travel abroad, you must consult a doctor 6 weeks or earlier before departure. If you travel to the outskirts of endemic areas, you should bring a portable mosquito net and use the insecticide permethrin on the mosquito net, but do not apply it on the skin.

As scientific research has shown that even if an infected person without symptoms or asymptomatic is bitten by mosquitoes, there is a chance to transmit the virus to mosquitoes and cause further transmission, so tourists must continue to use insect repellents for 14 days after returning from affected areas. Anti-mosquito measures.

Aedes albopictus has the opportunity to transmit dengue fever.

(File photo / Photo by Lu Yiming)

Malaria︱58 patients hospitalized, 1 critically ill admitted to ICU Affected Brain Drain Causes Surgery to Reduce Malaria | 1 more dead, 19 more still in Hospital Authority Liu Jiaxian: Experts say I have never seen 30 malaria cases in recent months He Bailiang: The incident is unusual.

Source: hk1

All news articles on 2022-08-06

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