The British government's anti-immigration plans follow one another but the phenomenon continues to explode.
According to AFP calculations based on Ministry of Defense figures, in 2022, 45,756 migrants made the dangerous crossing of one of the busiest sea crossings in the world, with very cold waters over much of the world. year, against only 28,526 in 2021, yet already a record year.
While most arrivals take place in the summer, with a daily record of 1,295 migrants in 24 hours on August 22, they now continue into the winter months with 1,745 arrivals in December.
The last ones still took place on Christmas Day.
Explosion of crossings since 2018
Last month was marked by the sinking of a dinghy carrying dozens of migrants from France in the early morning of December 14.
Four of them died, Afghans and Senegalese according to the first elements of the investigation, a toll that could have been much heavier: 39 others were rescued by a nearby fishing boat.
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Migrants in the English Channel: at least four dead in the sinking of their boat
The increasing lockdown of the port of Calais on the French side and of the Channel Tunnel explains the explosion since 2018 in the number of Channel crossings in small boats.
The issue is highly sensitive for the British Conservatives who have been promising since Brexit to "regain control" of the borders, a desire reaffirmed by Rishi Sunak and his very right Interior Minister Suella Braverman.
Since arriving in Downing Street in October, the Prime Minister has taken up the very tough stance of his predecessors.
But despite successive plans announced - two again this year - crossing figures continue to rise, completely overflowing the UK asylum system.
Several anti-immigration plans in recent months
In particular, this year London concluded an agreement, criticized by the UN, the Anglican Church and many organizations, with Rwanda to send migrants who arrived illegally there, whatever their origin, without waiting for the examination of their request for 'asylum.
The project was suspended before the summer after a decision by the European Court of Human Rights, but the government wants to relaunch it following a recent favorable decision by the British courts.
The objective is to discourage crossings and break the economic model of smugglers, without success so far.
For associations helping migrants, the only way to fight against smugglers is to open legal channels to access the United Kingdom and seek asylum, which is almost impossible at present.
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Paris and London signed an agreement in mid-November which provides in particular for an envelope of 72.2 million euros to be paid by the British in 2022-2023 to France to increase the number of police and gendarmes on the beaches from 800 to 900. French, from where many migrants leave.
Latest attempt to date: a plan presented in December by the Prime Minister, which includes an agreement with Tirana to massively expel the Albanians, who have arrived in large numbers this year (about a third of arrivals) although London judges this country, which is not not at war, sure.
Rishi Sunak further announced a new "unified command" against smugglers and small craft.
The government will also use former holiday centres, student residences or military premises to halve the accommodation bill for asylum seekers currently housed in hotels.
In the longer term, an annual quota of asylum seekers will be determined by MPs and a law will prevent those who arrive in the UK illegally from staying there.
