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Complete vaccination schedule: which vaccines correspond to each age in childhood and adolescence

2023-02-06T13:50:01.950Z


The Argentine Society of Pediatrics issued a statement urging to take advantage of the proximity of the start of classes to complete schemes.


Vaccines are safe, save lives, and prevent serious diseases.

And Argentina has one of the most complete calendars in the region and the world.

But in the last decade, the coverage - the people who attend to complete the schemes that correspond to them - have

fallen worryingly

.

As a result of this and taking advantage of the proximity of the start of the class cycle, the Argentine Society of Pediatrics (SAP) launched the campaign "Back to school-Vaccinate me on time" with the aim of encouraging fathers, mothers and adults in general to take advantage of this stage to complete the schemes of all the vaccines of the free and compulsory national calendar in children and adolescents.

Vaccines: mothers, fathers, pediatricians and school

"School entry is an excellent opportunity not only to carry out health checks and visits with the pediatrician, but also to

review vaccination certificates

and ensure that children return to school with up-to-date vaccinations," underlined specialists from the SAP in the campaign launch statement.

And they pointed out that educational establishments promised to be

more demanding

with the presentation of vaccination certificates.

From the SAP they highlighted that the school must play a leading role in the

request and control of the vaccination card

, warning the family if it is incomplete so that they can carry out the corresponding consultation with the pediatrician, who must define the best strategy to recover the Missing vaccine doses.

"Parents and educators should know and consult the national vaccination calendar to

know with certainty

which are the free and compulsory vaccines for each age in the course of childhood and adolescence," said Elizabeth Bogdanowicz, infectious disease doctor, member of the SAP Infectology Committee.

Gabriela Tapponier, a member of the same committee, recalled that all the vaccines on the national calendar are

free, mandatory

, and are applied in official vaccination centers, health centers, and public hospitals throughout the country.

"Complete vaccination is a fundamental tool to achieve robust immunity capable of preventing

potentially very serious infections

in children and adolescents, and it is an essential health strategy to avoid the impact of vaccine-preventable diseases in the community," added the pediatrician. Miriam Calvari.

The specialists warned that incomplete or very low vaccination coverage facilitates the appearance of diseases such as hepatitis A, invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), diphtheria and tetanus, and even some eliminated diseases, such as congenital rubella syndrome.

Maintaining high coverage is key to avoiding the reintroduction of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles.

All vaccines for children and adolescents

With the aim of reviewing vaccination cards and promoting the completion of schemes, the SAP details the vaccines included in the free and mandatory calendar in force in our country.

Within 18 months of age:

• Vaccine against tuberculosis (BCG) in the newborn.

• Vaccine against Hepatitis B in the newborn.

• 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (against pneumococcal disease).

• Quintuple or Pentavalent Vaccine (against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae B).

• Polio vaccine (Salk).

• Vaccine against chickenpox.

• Vaccine against rotavirus.

• ACYW meningococcal vaccine.

• Flu vaccine (from 6 months of age with an initial schedule of two doses).

• Vaccine against hepatitis A.

• Triple Viral Vaccine (measles, rubella, and mumps).

• Vaccine against yellow fever (in risk areas).

Between 5 and 6 years of age, with school entry:

• Polio vaccine (Salk).

• Triple viral vaccine (measles, rubella and mumps).

• Triple cell bacterial vaccine.

• Varicella vaccine (2nd dose – recently incorporated into the national immunization schedule).

• Flu vaccine for children with risk factors (one dose each year).

At 11 years of age:

● Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine (HPV - first and second doses separated by a minimum interval of 6 months).

● ACYW Meningococcal Vaccine (single dose).

● Acellular triple bacterial vaccine (single dose).

● Vaccine against Hepatitis B (start or complete scheme).

● Triple viral vaccine (start or complete schedule).

● Flu vaccine for children with risk factors (one dose every year).

● Vaccine against yellow fever (as a booster for residents in risk areas if the first dose was received before the age of two).

Vaccines are applied free of charge in public centers throughout the country.

Photo Ministry of Health.

vaccinate me on time

On the campaign website (www.vacunameatiempo.com) -which can be followed on social networks under the hashtags #VacunameATiempo / #VueltaAlCole / #Vacunación / #CalendarioNacional- you will find the answers, among many others, to questions such as:

What is the recommended vaccination schedule against Covid-19 in boys and girls?

Can children who are taking antibiotics be vaccinated?

Can a boy or girl receive more than one vaccine at a time?

Can I vaccinate my son or daughter if they are sick?

What happens if my child has an incomplete vaccination schedule?

For the recovery of incomplete vaccination schemes, from the SAP they affirm that it is very important to bear in mind the following considerations:

● In no case should vaccination schemes be restarted.

● Vaccines corresponding to age will be administered simultaneously in different anatomical sites.

● There is no maximum limit of applications to be managed at the same time.

● Vaccines received simultaneously

do not interfere with each other

in terms of immunogenicity and efficacy.

● It is essential to know and respect the intervals between doses to ensure an adequate immune response.

If these intervals are shortened, the immune response may not be satisfactory.

● The vaccine against COVID-19

can be applied together

with any other vaccine on the National Immunization Schedule.

Vaccination against covid in children and adolescents

Children should start receiving vaccines against COVID-19

from 6 months

of age.

"Although the disease has shown to have less impact in the pediatric age, children and adolescents can suffer severe symptoms, especially if they have other underlying diseases, they can develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome and post-COVID symptoms of variable duration and impact" warned Andrea Uboldi, an infectologist at the SAP and vice president of the Argentine Society of Vaccinology and Epidemiology (SAVE).

As a result of this and with the objective of having the largest number of the population vaccinated to reduce the community circulation of the virus, it is necessary that the pediatric population also comply with the indicated reinforcements, insist from the SAP.

Those people 6 months or older who have completed their primary schedule (two doses) with a minimum interval of four months can be given a booster (either the first, second or third as appropriate).

Which reinforcement corresponds according to age, according to the Ministry of Health:

● 6 months to 2 years inclusive: first booster.

● 3 to 11 years inclusive: second booster.

● 12 to 17 years inclusive: second reinforcement.

● 12 to 17 years inclusive with immunocompromised: third booster.

● 18 years or older: third booster.

Retrieve vaccination schemes

The SAP campaign is in line with the concern raised by a report prepared in 2021 by the Ministry of Health in which it warned of the general drop in national vaccination coverage registered between 2009 and 2019. 

In this period, according to the document, there was an

average decrease of 10 points

, especially in childhood vaccines.

The situation, which continues to be watched with concern by medical professionals and societies, worsened even more with the outbreak of the pandemic.

"In 2020, no CNV vaccine in any age group has exceeded a value of 80% coverage at the national level. This implies a significant amount of the target population that has not been reached by immunization services and, therefore, a

substantial increase in susceptible individuals that, accumulated with those susceptible from previous years, generate a scenario that predisposes and favors the appearance of

outbreaks, reemergence or reintroduction of vaccine-

preventable diseases that are controlled or eliminated in our country," the document states.

And he concludes that "it is essential and urgent to strengthen the actions, the commitment and the challenge of prioritizing and prioritizing regular vaccination activities and

recovery of schemes

".

***

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