Damascus-SANA
The efforts of Western countries, led by the United States, to obstruct the progress achieved by Iran in various fields after the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, especially its nuclear program, which has always emphasized its peaceful nature, did not stop in an attempt by the West to monopolize this technology and prevent the countries of the region from acquiring it.
to prevent its progress with the aim of keeping it hostage to him and ensuring the implementation of his agendas of domination over it;
serving its colonial projects and the interests of the Israeli occupation entity.
-1957, Iran announced the launch of its nuclear program in the field of research and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
1958: Iran joins the International Atomic Energy Agency, a year after the organization was established.
1967, the establishment of the Tehran Medical Research Center and equipping it with nuclear research stations with a capacity of 5 megawatts.
-1968, Iran signs the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, according to which the IAEA undertakes the task of verifying compliance with it.
In 1992, allegations spread in the international media about the existence of undeclared Iranian nuclear activities, which made Tehran summon IAEA inspectors to visit its nuclear facilities, and they concluded that the activities were peaceful.
In 1995, Iran signed a contract with Russia to resume work at the Bushehr facility, to be operational in 2009.
- June 16, 2003, the politicization of the Iranian nuclear file began, as the IAEA indicated in its annual report for the year 2002 that Iran had not disclosed all its nuclear activities and its actual levels of uranium enrichment, calling on it to join the Additional Protocol to the Non-Proliferation Treaty issued in 1997;
With the aim of increasing the Agency's ability to provide assurances regarding the peaceful nature of its nuclear activities.
On September 12, 2003, the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency issued a resolution stipulating the need for Iran to immediately and completely stop its activities related to uranium enrichment, to sign the Additional Protocol, and to allow immediate inspection of its nuclear facilities.
- September 15, 2003, the head of the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization announced at the 47th meeting of the International Agency in Vienna that his country would continue to cooperate with the agency, and that it would decide on the decision of the agency's board of governors.
In October 2003, the Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Sayyid Ali Khamenei, issued a fatwa prohibiting the production, stockpiling, and use of nuclear weapons, and affirmed that his country’s nuclear program was for peaceful purposes, and that Iran’s principles prevent it from resorting to the use of these weapons.
On October 21, 2003, the foreign ministers of Iran, France, Germany and Britain issued the “Tehran Declaration”, according to which Iran agreed to cooperate with the IAEA to sign and implement the Additional Protocol in return for the European trio’s explicit recognition of Iran’s peaceful nuclear rights.
– November 13, 2003, Washington questions the IAEA report on Iran and says: “It is impossible to believe what it said” about the lack of evidence that Iran is developing a military nuclear program.
On November 25, 2003, members of the IAEA Board of Governors adopted a resolution claiming that Iran had developed a secret nuclear program over 20 years, and Washington claimed that the program concealed ambitions to manufacture nuclear weapons.
On December 18, 2003, Iran signed the Additional Protocol, which grants the IAEA broad powers to access nuclear sites and obtain a fuller picture of nuclear programs.
The West’s politicization of the Iranian nuclear file continues, despite Tehran’s signing of the Additional Protocol and its cooperation with the IAEA, as the latter referred the file to the Security Council on February 4, 2006 after claiming that Tehran had resumed uranium enrichment at higher rates than agreed upon. Iran responded by ending the IAEA’s inspectors’ visits to its facilities.
June 4, 2006, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced that his country would not negotiate its right to possess peaceful nuclear technology, including uranium enrichment, and was ready to negotiate, but without preconditions.
On July 31, 2006, the UN Security Council issued its first resolution on Iran's nuclear file, No. 1696, in which it called on Tehran to suspend its uranium enrichment activities based on Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
– December 23, 2006, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1737, which called on Iran to suspend uranium enrichment activities, and to impose the first package of sanctions on it that included oil and gas investments, preventing the import and export of nuclear materials and equipment, and restrictions on bank transactions, including the Central Bank, and also called on other countries to freeze All assets of the individuals and companies identified in the resolution.
On March 24, 2007, the Security Council issued Resolution 1747, which emphasized the need to fully implement the contents of Resolution 1737, tightened sanctions against Iran, and imposed restrictions on travel and property of persons associated with the nuclear file.
On March 3, 2008, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1803, which confirmed the implementation of the requirements of previous resolutions and added new restrictions on Iranian banking transactions.
- September 27, 2008, a new Security Council Resolution No. 1835 confirms the previous four resolutions, and it is the only one that was not adopted under Chapter VII.
– October 2009, the start of negotiations between Iran and the 5 + 1 group (Russia, China, the United States, France, Britain and Germany), and a preliminary agreement was reached under which Iran allowed IAEA inspectors to inspect the Fordow facility, which the West claimed that Iran had secretly built since 2006 to enrich uranium without the agency's knowledge.
In March 2010, Tehran announced its willingness to deliver 1,200 kg of low-enriched uranium immediately in exchange for fuel to operate its medical research centers, provided that the exchange takes place under the supervision of the IAEA inside Iran and not outside it.
May 17, 2010, Iran proposed to the major powers, within the framework of an agreement with Brazil and Turkey, that 1,200 kg of Iranian uranium enriched at 3.5 percent and 120 kg of fuel enriched at 20 percent be exchanged for the Medical Research Center in Tehran, but the West ignored the proposal.
On June 9, 2010, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1929, which reaffirmed the necessity of implementing previous resolutions, tightened restrictions on Iranian bank transactions, increased the number of Iranian individuals and companies included in the travel ban, and froze their assets.
November 2011, the IAEA continued its allegations regarding the Iranian nuclear file, and claimed that Tehran had conducted experiments before 2003 to develop its nuclear capabilities, while Iran continued to confirm its willingness to freeze uranium enrichment operations to the 20 percent level that it announced reaching in early 2010, while preserving the right to enrich To the level of 3.5 percent to provide facilities with fuel for purposes related to medical research.
On November 24, 2013, Iran and the “5 + 1” group signed, after several negotiating rounds, an interim agreement in Geneva, which included a joint plan of action during which Tehran committed itself not to enrich uranium to a level higher than 5 percent, in return for stopping imposing new sanctions on it, and lifting some sanctions. Gradually within 6 months, and the continuation of negotiations on the nuclear program.
On January 20, 2014, the implementation of the interim agreement began, and it was extended on July 20 for an additional 4 months, until November 24, to allow more time for Iran and the major countries to reach a final, comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program.
– From March 26 to April 2, 2015, intensive negotiations took place between Iran and the 5 + 1 group in the Swiss city of Lausanne, which ended with a framework agreement that paves the way for the signing of the final comprehensive agreement by the end of June.
- July 14, 2015, Iran and the 5 + 1 group officially announced that they had reached an agreement on the nuclear file called (the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) that provides for ensuring the peacefulness of the nuclear program in return for lifting all sanctions imposed by the United Nations and Western countries on Tehran.
On July 20, 2015, the Security Council passed Resolution 2231, ratifying the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear program, and stipulating the termination of the provisions of all previous Council resolutions regarding the program.
On January 15, 2016, the agreement entered into force, to start successively lifting the economic sanctions that had been imposed on Tehran.
The Republican candidate for the US presidential elections, Donald Trump, vowed during his 2016 election campaign to “tear up the nuclear agreement” if he wins the elections, considering that there are “serious shortcomings in the agreement that is not commensurate with the American national interest.”
After Trump arrived at the White House on January 20, 2017, he began his threats to withdraw from the nuclear agreement, in implementation of his electoral pledges, announcing that his administration would work with Congress to deal with the “defects of the agreement,” and vowed to impose tougher sanctions on Tehran.
Iran refused to amend the agreement or add any clause to it, and President Hassan Rouhani called on Trump to read history and geography and study international agreements. Nuclear bomb.
On April 30, 2018, the Prime Minister of the Israeli occupation government, Benjamin Netanyahu, inciting Trump to withdraw from the agreement, presented during a press conference what he described as “secret nuclear files”, which he claimed indicated Iran’s non-compliance with the agreement and its secret nuclear activities, to which former Mossad chief Danny responded. Yatom said: The information provided by Netanyahu has no connection with reality, and it does not prove that Iran violated the nuclear agreement.
May 8, 2018, in defiance of the will of the international community and a flagrant violation of international resolutions, Trump announced his country's withdrawal from the agreement and the reinstatement of the sanctions imposed on Iran despite the International Atomic Energy Agency's confirmation in all its reports of Tehran's commitment to the agreement and the peacefulness of its nuclear program.
Trump’s decision was met with widespread international rejection, especially from the signatories to the agreement, which affirmed their continued commitment to it despite the American decision, stressing that the agreement is not bilateral in order to collapse with the exit of one of its parties, but rather an international document that cannot be changed.
President Rouhani affirmed that Washington, by withdrawing from the agreement, recognizes that it is a country that does not respect international agreements or UN resolutions, announcing that the international community will be given several weeks to find mechanisms that guarantee Iran’s rights in the agreement, otherwise the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization will carry out industrial fertilization if necessary.
- January 31, 2019, Germany, Britain and France announced the establishment of the financial mechanism (INSTEX) to regulate trade exchanges with Iran, after Trump's decision to tighten sanctions on it.
May 8, 2019, Tehran receives the ambassadors of Russia, China, Britain, France and Germany. It has messages that include its decision to reduce the implementation of some of its obligations in the nuclear agreement in terms of stopping the sale of enriched uranium and heavy water, announcing that the remaining parties to the agreement have 60 days to implement their commitments.
On July 7, 2019, Iran announced the second step to reduce its commitments in response to the failure of the European countries to implement their commitments, which included exceeding the uranium enrichment rate of 3.67 percent and the amount of production to the percentage needed by the country, and it also announced the reactivation of the Arak facility.
September 4, 2019, announcing the third step, which included work on developing centrifuges and producing what you need to enrich uranium, and it also included removing all restrictions imposed on research and development in the nuclear field.
– November 6, 2019, the start of implementation of the fourth step, which included the transfer of 2,000 kg of uranium hexafluoride gas to be pumped into 1,044 centrifuges at the Fordow facility;
With the aim of raising the fertilization rate inside the facility to 5 percent.
January 5, 2020, Iran announces its fifth and final step, according to which it confirmed that it is no longer bound by any restrictions or agreements regarding its nuclear activity, including uranium enrichment, stressing that the nuclear program will advance on the basis of technical and technological needs, but it reaffirmed its continued cooperation with Iran. The IAEA and its willingness to return to its commitments to the nuclear agreement as soon as the ban is lifted and its gains from the agreement are realized.
On January 25, 2020, Iranian Foreign Minister Muhammad Javad Zarif announced the failure of the financial mechanism (INSTEX), stressing that the Europeans had not conducted any transaction under it, a year after its establishment.
From April 2021 to August 2022, nine direct negotiation rounds were held between Iran and the major powers (Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany), and indirectly with the United States in Vienna.
With the aim of reviving the nuclear agreement, all of them failed due to (Israel) pressure on Western countries and inciting them to reject Iranian proposals to return to the agreement, foremost of which is the lifting of all sanctions on Tehran.
– November 4, 2022, US President Joe Biden says: The Iranian nuclear agreement is dead, but we will not announce it .. the story is long.
– November 22, 2022, the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization announces an increase in the production of enriched uranium by 60 percent in the Fordow and Natanz facilities in response to the decision of the IAEA Board of Governors against it, which was taken under pressure from Washington, Paris, London and Berlin.
– February 19, 2023, the US Bloomberg Agency claimed that the International Atomic Energy Agency had discovered that Iran had enriched uranium to 84 percent, which Tehran denied, describing it as a campaign of distortion and distortion of the facts, stressing that finding uranium particles with an enrichment rate of more than 60 percent does not mean The enrichment is above 60 percent.
On March 1, 2023, the head of the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization, Muhammad Eslami, announced that the IAEA inspectors who visited Tehran on February 22 made sure that the enrichment rate is 60 percent, and that there is no enrichment at 84 percent, indicating that the controversial files between the two sides have been closed, and that the agency denied The existence of non-transparent procedures in Iran and confirmed that such a matter was not mentioned in the last report.
On March 3 and 4, 2023, the Director General of the International Agency, Rafael Grossi, visited Tehran, and it was agreed during the visit to allow the agency to conduct further verification and monitoring activities if necessary, provided that the method of implementation is agreed upon during a technical meeting between the two parties to be held soon in Tehran.
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