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French model: fire-fighting aircraft used to fight forest fires in the Gironde department
Photo: Service Communication Protocol SDIS 33/AP / picture alliance / dpa
The forest fires of the past few weeks have triggered a discussion in the traffic light coalition about the investments in civil protection agreed in the coalition agreement.
The FDP advocated the purchase of fire-fighting aircraft and demanded more commitment from Federal Interior Minister Nancy Faeser (SPD) in expanding resources for fighting forest fires.
The rapporteur for the Greens for civil protection, Leon Eckert, said that participation in the EU firefighting fleet would be right for reasons of solidarity.
Fierce forest fires raged again in Greece, France and Spain at the weekend.
On the Greek island of Lesbos, several hundred tourists and residents have been brought to safety from the village of Vatera since Saturday, according to the state TV broadcaster ERT, at least four houses burned down.
Another place had to be evacuated on Sunday.
Hundreds of people were brought to safety because of a forest fire on the Spanish island of Tenerife.
In the Czech National Park Bohemian Switzerland directly on the border with Saxony, a fire of around seven hectares burned not far from the Prebischtor, which is popular with tourists, the national park administration announced on Sunday.
Numerous firefighters fought the flames, and a police helicopter and a fire-fighting plane were also deployed.
The extinguishing work was made more difficult by the inaccessible terrain.
There are no publicly owned fire-fighting aircraft in Germany.
If states and municipalities need aerial support for vegetation fires, they ask for administrative assistance so that the Bundeswehr or the federal police send helicopters with water tanks.
For example, last June the federal police said they dropped more than 235,000 liters of water with ten of their helicopters in Saxony and Brandenburg.
The North Rhine-Westphalian police aviation squadron is one of the few in Germany equipped with attachable external load containers for forest fire fighting, the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance (BBK) said on request.
But here too, if the helicopters were needed for police tasks, they could not be requested for firefighting.
"The dry periods of the last few weeks with numerous forest and wildfires have clearly shown that we in Germany have to be better equipped to fight forest fires," said Deputy FDP parliamentary group leader Carina Konrad.
This affects the local fire departments in particular.
Rapid support from the air is also important.
Interior Ministry refers to countries
When asked a few days ago, the Federal Ministry of the Interior emphasized that the responsibility for disaster and fire protection lies with the states and municipalities.
They are therefore responsible for providing suitable concepts and resources.
The federal government can only support the fight against forest fires – for example with helicopters from the federal police and the armed forces – “within the scope of the current availability”.
In Germany, responsibility for civil protection lies with the federal states.
The federal government is responsible for civil protection – i.e. protecting civilians in the event of war or tension.
The BBK's 18 civil defense helicopters are made available to the federal states in times of peace and are primarily used to transport the sick and injured.
They are not equipped to fight fires, even if that would be possible in principle.
"The insistence on responsibilities does not do justice to the important task," criticized FDP woman Konrad.
She demanded: "In the planned reform of civil protection, the Federal Minister of the Interior must also take into account the challenges of forest fires." The structures at the various levels of government must be better networked, for example by standardizing training and technical equipment.
The fact that the fire brigades are dependent on administrative assistance from the Bundeswehr when fighting fires from the air often costs valuable time.
Discuss first, then delete
The chairman of the forest fire working group in the German Fire Brigade Association, Ulrich Cimolino, confirmed this. In an interview with the German Press Agency in Düsseldorf, he said on Friday that it often happens that a piece of forest or a field is already on fire over a large area and yet » for hours” had to be discussed about a requested helicopter.
The processes here need to be improved.
As agreed in the coalition agreement, Germany should actively participate in the European fire-fighting aircraft and helicopter fleet of the rescEU initiative, Konrad demanded.
The fleet of this EU initiative for civil protection currently includes twelve fire-fighting aircraft and one helicopter.
In an emergency, these can also be made available to other member states of the European Union.
So far, Sweden, Spain, Italy, Greece, France and Croatia have participated with aircraft.
The coalition agreement between the SPD, Greens and FDP states: "We will develop nationwide prevention and control strategies and expand forest fire fighting options on the ground and from the air, also within the framework of the rescEU mechanism."
According to the Federal Ministry of the Interior, experts in a working group chaired by the Mecklenburg-Western Pomeranian Ministry of the Interior have spoken out against the purchase of aircraft and in favor of using helicopters to fight forest fires.
Among other things, this is cheaper, and helicopters also offer a wide range of other possible uses.
Eckert, a member of the Greens in the Bundestag, said that the use of helicopters could not be dispensed with under any circumstances.
Nevertheless, in his view, Germany should acquire one or two fire-fighting aircraft, which should be stationed in the north.
From there it would not be far to the sea in the event of a large forest fire.
Because one of the reasons given by the BBK against the acquisition of such aircraft is that "there are not enough suitable lakes in Germany for taking in water when flying past".
ak/dpa/AFP
