Since Vladimir Putin came to power in 1999, Russia has been hit hard by Chechen, then Islamist, terrorism. Six of the world's 20 deadliest attacks over the past 50 years were carried out on Russian soil.

Russia is one of the most affected countries in the world, outside Africa and the Middle East. Between 1970 and 2023, six of the twenty deadliest attacks took place on Russia's soil: in Budyonnovsk, Moscow, St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg.