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Counting calories?

You have a chance of getting infected with this dangerous bacterium

When we change our diet we lose not only pounds but also a lot of our gut bacteria.

Researchers have found a particularly disturbing effect of weight loss on a potentially deadly bacterium

Tags

• diet

• Calories

• Microbiome

Walla!

health

Monday, 28 June 2021, 00:12

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This is probably the season, but lots of people around us are on a diet right now.

And if you are one of the calorie counters, you should pay attention to a new study, which found that diets in which caloric intake is particularly low cause changes in the microbiome (bacterial population composition) of the digestive system and an increase in the number of harmful bacteria such as Clostridioides difficile.

These bacteria are known to cause severe diarrhea and inflammation in the gut.

Although the participants in this study did not show symptoms of diarrhea or inflammation, according to the researchers, an increased presence of C. difficile bacteria raises important questions about how weight loss affects our microbiome.

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The video that proves: Calories is really not everything (Photography: Yossi Tzipkis, Director: Guy Goren, Editing: Noa Levy)

The current study involved 80 overweight and obese women, and the researchers monitored and monitored their health for 16 weeks.

During the study period, half of the women were asked to implement a low-calorie diet - an extreme menu that is usually implemented under medical supervision, and limits consumption to only 800 calories per day, which are consumed only in liquid form.

The second half was asked to simply maintain its existing body weight.

The microbiome of each and every one of us is unique and includes trillions of different microorganisms.

Although the diet group that was on the diet lost weight during the study, it also had significant implications for the bacterial composition in its gut.

For example, the first change the researchers noticed was that the variety of gut bacteria decreased significantly (i.e., there were fewer types of bacteria).

"Our results emphasize that the caloric aspect of weight management has a much more complex role than how much energy a person consumes," said Peter Turnbo, a microbiologist at the University of San Francisco.

"We found that a very low-calorie diet fundamentally altered the gut microbiome and reduced the overall bacterial population there."

The findings of the study were published in the scientific journal Nature.

The caloric aspect has a complex role that also affects the composition of bacteria in the gut.

Woman holding her belly (Photo: ShutterStock)

In the next phase of the study, the researchers took fecal samples from the five participants who lost the highest rate of gut bacteria during the period fed a low-calorie diet, and implanted them in genetically engineered laboratory mice so they had no microbiome at all, and compared them to pre-study fecal samples. Nutritional.

Although the mice's diet did not change, those in whom fecal samples taken after the diet were transplanted lost an average of 10 percent of their body mass, while the others remained more or less at the same weight. The researchers performed flooring of the mice's microbiome and discovered a particularly large amount of C. difficile bacteria. Although it is a bacterium that is likely to be found naturally in the microbiome, the number of these bacteria is usually regulated by the fat metabolism process that takes place in the body when we eat.

The researchers concluded from the findings that low-calorie diets somehow remove this barrier that regulates bacterial culture.

Another effect was also on the metabolism of the bacterium itself, which has changed and now consumes more sugars, leaving less sugars to the host body.

Fatal diarrhea

The rate of C. difficile bacteria can also rise due to other factors, such as antibiotic treatment, resulting in problems or indigestion.

Occasionally there can be incurable dark diarrhea which in some cases can even lead to death.

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The mice in the experiment lost 10% of their body mass.

Lab Mouse (Photo: ShutterStock)

"We were able to show in the study that C. difficile bacteria secreted their characteristic toxins and that it was caused by the weight loss of the mice in the experiment," said Joachim Spranger, an endocrinologist at the Berlin School of Medicine who took part in the study. Symptoms relevant to intestinal inflammation, "he said.

Although the typical symptoms of the C. difficile bacterium did not appear during the study period, the researchers say they may have appeared in the future if they had continued to adhere to a low-calorie diet, and it is important to emphasize A way to lose weight.

"The Hungry Microbium"

"There's a lot more biology to the chapter here," said researcher Turnbo, when one of the important questions concerns the role of the C. difficile bacterium outside its characteristic inflammatory triggers and how the "hungry microbiome" that develops following a particularly low-calorie diet processes food and energy differently.

"There are many studies that show that the gut microbiome can greatly promote or inhibit weight loss. We want to better understand how common weight loss diets may affect the microbiome and what future consequences it may have in the context of health and morbidity," Turnbo concluded.

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