Due to the planned energy transition, many households will have to convert their oil or gas heating systems from 2024. One possible option is the heat pump.
Frankfurt am Main \u2012 It is true that there is still a heated discussion in political Berlin about the planned heating law of Economics Minister Robert Habeck. The law prescribes what alternative to gas and oil heating the owners of real estate will have in the future. It is already certain that oil and gas heating systems will be phased out in the long term for a climate-friendly future. In the end, it is up to the owners to decide for themselves which alternative is the best option. Robert Habeck does not give them any guidelines. An alternative to the existing heating system could, for example, be the heat pump. But what exactly is a heat pump?
What is a heat pump? Comparison with how a refrigerator works - only the other way around
In principle, the functionality of a heat pump is identical to that of a well-known everyday device: the refrigerator. While the refrigerator extracts the heat from its interior and releases it outside, the heat pump extracts the heat from the outside and releases it to the house as heating energy. They are considered to be particularly climate-friendly, as they obtain "around three-quarters of the energy for heating from the environment", according to the online portal waermepumpe.de. A prerequisite for the efficient use of heat pumps is very good thermal insulation of the building. Underfloor or wall heating systems in particular can be used well in combination with the heat pump for heating.
This is how heat pump technology works - the reverse principle of a refrigerator:
Principle of operation of a heat pump. © Bundesverband Wärmepumpen e.V. (German Heat Pump Association)
- A refrigerant circulates in the heat pump that extracts heat from a heat source - for example the ground, air or groundwater - and evaporates in the process.
- The vaporous refrigerant is compressed in an electrically powered compressor.
- As a result of compression, the temperature increases to such an extent that the heat is transferred to the heating system via a heat exchanger.
- The refrigerant becomes liquid again due to the heat dissipation, expands to lower pressure via an expansion valve and the cycle starts again.
- Source: heinzi.com
Heat pumps: These different types of pumps are available - consisting of a pump and a storage system
The heat source used to obtain thermal energy depends on the type of pump. For example, there are geothermal, air and groundwater heat pumps. Basically, according to the online heating consultant, it can be said that the higher the temperature of the heat source, [...] the lower the energy costs.
This is how the heat pump was born
The development of heat pump technology dates back to the 19th century: In 1824, the Frenchman Nicolas Carnot published the first principles of the heat pump principle. A good 100 years later, the first major heat pump systems for heating buildings went into operation in Zurich. In 1969, Klemens Oskar Waterkotte connected the first geothermal heat pump in Germany. Since then, heat pumps for space heating and water heating have become a heating option that is as reliable as it is environmentally friendly. Thanks to years of experience, the technology is also constantly being further developed through innovations.
Source: waermepumpe.de
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Installation of a heat pump – experts consider it to be the best alternative for a renovation
A heat pump consists of the actual heat pump, which makes use of the environmental heat obtained, and the heat distribution and storage system, which distributes the heat in a property. Energy experts are already certain that there is no alternative to the heat pump for the energy-efficient renovation of real estate. In the current heated discussion, they also clear up misconceptions about heat pumps. This is because many consumers believe that heat pumps are power guzzlers or that their old, unrenovated house does not get really warm with them. The new generation of heat pumps already has a lot to offer when it comes to energy efficiency.
Owners who opt for this alternative can receive a state subsidy of up to 40 percent. Federal funding for efficient buildings is used for this purpose.
