With less than five months of the presidential election, it is time to take stock.
The Institute of Public Policies (IPP), an organization of the Paris School of Economics, is participating with its study on the budgetary and redistributive impacts of socio-fiscal measures of the Macron five-year term.
In total, according to the work of economists from the IPP, over the past five years, households have benefited from 28.1 billion euros in tax cuts (reduction in income tax, elimination of housing tax, replacement of the ISF by the IFI ...).
At the same time, social benefits (unemployment insurance, housing assistance, etc.) were reduced by 4.2 billion.
The results are therefore generally positive for the French, who have on average gained 1.6% in their standard of living since the start of the five-year term.
But not everyone is in the same boat: the impact of the government's economic policy differs markedly between households, each being concerned, depending on its income, assets and activity, by measures different.
Promote work
According to the economists of the institute, the largest increase (in percentage) is observed among the richest 1%, with an average gain of 2.8% in their standard of living - they benefited in particular at the start of Five-year period of the abolition of the ISF, replaced by the Real Estate Wealth Tax (IFI), or the establishment of the single flat-rate levy on capital income.
Then come the households located between the 6th and 7th percentile and again those between the 11th and the 16th percentile of standard of living (+ 2% approximately), that is to say a part of the working class.
Conversely, the poorest 5% see their standard of living dwindle by 0.5%.
This is mainly due to the fact that the executive has chosen to promote work globally.
The poorest 5% see their standard of living dwindle IPP
The co-author of the study, Paul Dutronc-Postel, insists on "
the heterogeneity of cases within households of the same hundredth
".
Thus within the first hundredth, whose standard of living has increased overall by 2.8%, strong disparities can be observed.
The first thousandth enjoys a 4% increase in his standard of living and the tenth, "only" 1.8%.
A few weeks ago, the Treasury Department in Bercy, had already got down to this five-year review exercise.
The conclusions of its work appeared, very timely, much more in line with the discourse of the executive: the standard of living of all French people improving during the five-year term and that of the most modest even more than the others.
According to Chloé Lallemand, another co-author of the IPP study, the differences with Treasury estimates can be explained in particular by the fact that Bercy included in its balance sheet "
measures, such as the generalization of the energy check, which were voted on. by the previous majority but implemented by the current one
”, while the IPP has set itself the rule of considering only measures voted by the Macronist majority.
Behavioral assumptions, especially on tobacco taxation, also widen the gap.