Women are 51% of the Spanish population, but 46.5% of the workforce.
This is just one of the many gaps that women suffer in the world of work, along with salary gaps, temporary employment gaps, and partiality gaps.
They, being more than half of the population, still do not reach that 50%.
In the comparison of these variables with the rest of Europe using Eurostat data, there are two possible readings: on the one hand, the Spanish record is modeled on the European average, when in so many other labor market figures Spain remains in the wagon. tail;
another is that it is still far from the most advanced countries, those that are almost close to parity.
There are 20 European countries with better data than Spain.
The country with the highest proportion of women in the labor market is Latvia, with 50.5%.
It is the only one on the continent in which women make up more than half of the workforce.
This fact has a lot to do with the fact that it is also the country with the largest population of women: they are 53.7%.
They are also very close to 50% in Lithuania (49.8%) and Portugal (49.8%).
The other Iberian country is an exception among the best positions on the list, where northern European states predominate, characterized by a greater weight of high value-added activities.
France is also among them, with 48.9%.
On the other side of the scale, with the greatest difference between workers and workers, is Italy.
In this country, women make up only 42.4% of the national workforce, the same proportion as in Malta.
Romania and Greece, with 42.8%, are also in the rear.
Although Spain is within the European average, with 46.5%, there are 20 countries with better data.
It only presents better figures than 10 others.
Another way to analyze these data is taking into account the difference with respect to the population of women, which leaves somewhat different data.
Thus, the data are less conditioned by a greater or lesser weight of women in the census.
In this way, instead of Latvia, the best data would be that of Finland, with 50.5% of resident women and 49% of them in the labor market, which leaves a difference of only 1.5%.
The Scandinavian countries, Sweden, Denmark and Norway, follow in the best position with a difference of 2.1%.
With this record, Spain is once again close to the average, with a difference of 4.5%.
The worst data are those of Italy (8.8%), Romania (8.6%) and Greece (8.3%).
It should be noted that Spain has substantially increased the proportion of women in its labor market in recent years.
Two decades ago, in 2005, they were 39.9% of workers, when in Europe they were already 44.2%.
In 2012 these figures were almost equal, with a spectacular jump in women in Spain in previous years, up to 45%.
Since then both lines have evolved more or less hand in hand, usually with the Spanish one behind.
Now they have tied.
The most feminized positions
This week, Eurostat has published a detailed study of the occupations with the greatest and least presence of women.
On the European average, where they stand out the most is in administrative support positions, with 65.8% of the total.
They also stand out in services and sales (63.5%), in the professional category (which includes positions such as scientists and teachers) and in elementary occupations (53%).
On the other hand, they are a minority in the Armed Forces and security forces (11.1%), among construction and metal employees (11.1%) and among machinery operators (17.9%).
They are proportions similar to those presented by Spain, with some nuances.
There are a few more female bosses (35.5%) than on average in Europe (34.7%), both very low percentages compared to the weight of women in the total labor market.
In this proportion, the high position of Bulgaria stands out (44.6%).
Likewise, Spain is further behind in the participation of women in technical positions (40.5%, compared to 50% in Europe) and also with respect to specialized agricultural positions (18.3%, compared to 29.3% in Europe). .
Spanish women are more than in Europe in elementary positions (58.6%, compared to 53%).
With a higher level of detail, larger portions of women are observed in specific sectors, such as among early childhood education professionals (92.6%), secretaries (89.3%), primary school teachers (88.2%), nurses and midwives (87.5%) and in domestic, hotel and office cleaning services (86.5%).
On the other hand, they are a minority in construction (only 1.4%), in machinery repair (2.9%), in electrical installation (3.15), among metal workers (3.7%). and among truck and bus drivers (3.8%).
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