In the video: thousands of ultra-Orthodox girls came to pray, MK Karib put a Torah scroll into the Western Wall plaza/Wala system!
At the end of March 2019, a conference was held for the parents of seminary girls in Bnei Brak, which dealt with kosher workplaces for girls.
Rabbi Meir Kessler, rabbi of Modi'in Illit, gave a harsh speech of rebuke, in which he accused yeshiva boys of demanding that their wives earn a lot, and agreeing to take on the role of the wife at home, and cried out in pain to the audience: "The men have become cooks."
The rabbi's words testify mainly to the plight of the leaders in view of the rising power of ultra-Orthodox women, due to their becoming the main breadwinners, and explains in a distilled manner the process that ultra-Orthodox society is going through in the last decade.
"On the one hand, we want the husbands to sit down and study," he said in his speech that night, "and on the other hand, for the wives to provide for the house.
But very few guys are willing to settle for as little as their parents did, they live in a different generation and the parents push the seminars.
"After all, there are cases where you actually take a bet that she earns a lot so that she can provide for the house and he can sit down to study, and then it turns out that he is mostly enslaved for the house, sending the children in the morning and picking them up at noon, and you also have to cook. Abrech started cooking for Shabbat. Entire Shabbats are They cook and are proud of it."
With or without Kogel, the ultra-Orthodox women made a quiet transformation that led to a significant improvement in the economic situation of ultra-Orthodox families and brought about tectonic and long-term cultural changes in their sector, the effects of which we will see in the future.
To understand the magnitude of the change, one should look at the latest data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, according to which while only 56% of ultra-Orthodox men participate in the labor market, the rate of working ultra-Orthodox women stands at 81%, with the gap between them and working secular women being only 2%.
Haredi girls.
"If you enter the first grade at Beit Ya'akov and ask who will go to work when you grow up - they will all raise their finger"/Reuven Castro
Decrease in male employment
"In the distant past, ultra-Orthodox men worked and provided for their families," says Dr. Hela Axelard, director of the Center for Economic Policy of the Ultra-Orthodox Society at the Aharon Institute for Economic Policy at Reichman University
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In the economic crisis of 2002, following the bursting of the bubble and the second intifada, the ultra-Orthodox employment rate was 40%, so that within two decades it doubled, ahead of all the experts' predictions.
"When Finance Minister Binyamin Netanyahu tightened the conditions for receiving income support and cut the pensions for the elderly, and a gradual increase in the retirement age began, there was a horizontal increase in employment and a decrease in poverty. The entry of the technological colleges of the Ministry of Labor into the seminaries for girls, who until then were used as a kind of babysitter for a year or two until they stood below Lahufa, made the big change. Instead of being a teacher or a kindergarten teacher, with a low salary and no social conditions, the opportunity opened up to them to acquire a quality education and enter more profitable occupations."
Today the rabbis are beating for the sin of not hastening to close the loophole when it was still small.
"When the daughter studies at the seminary, she remains reserved, and only studies of computers, engineering and other real subjects are added. Bottom line, this created many problems. There is a difficulty with the fact that a woman earns more money, that the child comes to her to ask for money and not to the father, and there is an increase in divorce cases. But There is an understanding that a woman needs to support herself in order to maintain a Torah household, and it is better with a salary of 12,000 shekels a month rather than 5,000 shekels.
"There is a very clear scale of values, and learning Torah is above all," emphasizes Michal Lev, CEO of the Movilot program, a 38-year-old ultra-Orthodox , a mother of seven who lives in Bnei Brak, and leads an occupational leadership for women.
"There is one link that can be flexible in this rigid matter, and that is the woman. In fact, we let an ultra-Orthodox woman be the foreign minister. If you enter the first grade at 'Beit Ya'akov' and ask, 'Who will you go to work for when you grow up?', they will all raise their fingers.
"The rabbis They wanted the women to bring in a living, but when this led to a change in the power structure within the families, there were rabbis who began to oppose the high wages that the women received.
When the family money runs out, and there is nothing left from the payments received by grandparents, the seminary girls leave the field of education and move to high-tech because that's where they earn a lot.
"The disparities in education are also dramatic. Someone who studies at Beit Ya'akov acquires the education of an average child in Israel and passes external exams that are equivalent to matriculation, and despite this there is a wage gap between ultra-Orthodox women and non-Orthodox women. Why? Because of cultural differences, of role models and education.
"Movilot was founded by an ultra-orthodox woman. From the Gore community, who realized that she had to be a different woman in every layer she was in.
On the one hand, a career woman who develops herself and wants to get the highest salary, and on the other hand, a woman with the honor of the king inside."
And there is difficulty in reconciling the extremes further - going out into the wider world and being careful to remain reserved.
"As an ultra-Orthodox woman, you are a minority, the second Israel.
When you come to the world of work, you discover social issues you didn't know about, you have to fill in educational gaps, because when you leave the seminary, no one prepares you for that.
"The teacher at the seminar tells the girls, 'Tell the employer to call you Mrs. Cohen.' Then you arrive at the high-tech company, your boss arrives in jeans and flip-flops and they look at you like an alien.
"And there is something else. Within a year you become a married woman, a worker and many times a mother as well. And with all of this, you are the one who has to build a bridge between the worlds. Because who fits into general society? The ultra-orthodox women, and no one pays attention to it."
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"Those who study at Beit Ya'akov, acquire the education of an average child in Israel and pass external exams that are equivalent to matriculation, and despite this there is a wage gap between ultra-Orthodox and non-Orthodox"/Almog Gabbai
"To live in peace with their place"
"We are trying to get these women to first of all choose the profession that suits them, to live in peace with their place, to contribute from my experience to others in my community, and to show responsibility to Israeli society. If God placed the ultra-orthodox in this position, it has meaning.
"When you are in the kollel, or within the realms of the ultra-Orthodox sector, it hurts less how you are caught outside. But if you are the only ultra-Orthodox woman in a high-tech company, you have to be accountable for your entire community."
The rabbis prefer to send female seminary graduates to workplaces that maintain segregation and, as Dr. Axelred calls it, "companies that build aquariums for them." .
"We did research and discovered that ultra-Orthodox women who go to workplaces such as high-tech feel the need to be stricter to prove that they haven't spoiled themselves. With the men it was the opposite. They are more subversive and identify with Israeli society when they go out. By the way, when you check the birth rate, there is no difference in the number of children among the women "Most of your waking hours you work with secular people,
"
Lev adds, "you hear when they are in the coffee corner talking about the show that aired on TV yesterday.
When I'm in a seminar, they all look like me, and I act by inertia, that's my habit.
But when I meet other values, I have to check why I live according to my values.
For me, personally, it made me more religious."
She also claims that ultra-Orthodox women have fewer conflicts at home than secular ones. "Because the woman's job is to work, at one o'clock in the afternoon, when there is a school break in the kollel, the men take the children out of the settings.
The secular woman has to fight with her husband who will take the children out of kindergarten.
With the ultra-orthodox it is simpler.
The woman's work is twice as profitable, so she comes first.
Torah annulment comes first, but if both spouses work, the wife comes first.
"The jump in the career of the ultra-Orthodox happens when the children grow up, get married and the age of 40 becomes the 'now it's my turn' age. This is the time for a second career, to enter managerial positions, to take on more authority."
Axelred: "I recognize a kind of rebellion by these women. Orthodox women work fewer years than non-Orthodox women and this explains the wage disparity between them. Reluctantly they are sent to provide for themselves and they must also take care of the household and the children, and because of this they choose to work fewer hours.
"And there is more something interesting.
In the research we are conducting now, we found that more educated ultra-Orthodox women have a correlation with more educated men.
According to the professional literature, people marry those similar to them, degree with degree, attribution with attribution, the textbooks circulate in the house, the spouses are exposed to them, the children.
I know two ultra-Orthodox men who started learning from math books that were hanging around the house."
Axelrod.
"There is a difficulty with the fact that a woman earns more money, that the child comes to her to ask for money and not to the father, and there is an increase in divorce cases"/Oren Shalev
Lev wrote her thesis on the employment rates of ultra-Orthodox women and whether this is the result of government policy, or a social phenomenon, and found that the state did nothing for them, but directed its pressure towards the men.
The proof: on the graph of the last 20 years, you can see how the men react to the sanctions, while the employment rate of ultra-Orthodox women is constantly on the rise, which does not depend on anything.
Dr. Axelred thinks that it is necessary to expand the fields of study in seminaries, to introduce more professional trainings in the periphery, and if the state participates in financing professional trainings whose return exceeds 6%, this can also be applied to ultra-Orthodox women, who pay NIS 14,000 for a year of study at the seminary.
A very high amount.
Where does the money come from?
"In some colleges there is partial participation by the state, but what does an ultra-Orthodox father who has four daughters do? It's a lot of money. Accounting studies cost NIS 50,000. Do you know where the problem is? There is a fear that if we invest in employment for women, we will encourage men not to work. That's all This is wrong because every investment in education and human capital is worthwhile and there is a correlation between educated women and educated men."
Most 'leading' female graduates send their sons to study English in classes, because they understand the importance of knowing the language," Lev concludes. "A child with a full-time mother will have many more opportunities in life.
Every working woman has a husband.
When my husband left the kollel I said to him: 'Rafael, there's no way you won't do military or civil service before you go to work.'
I could help him plan his career, like any working ultra-Orthodox woman who understands the nuances out there."
More on the same topic:
ultra-Orthodox
religious
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gender equality