Athletes are ready to do anything to gain the advantage over their opponents, sometimes at the risk of upsetting their own genome, deep within their cells ... And genetic doping has become a legitimate concern of sports authorities around the world.
In 2002, the World Anti-Doping Agency launched its first research programs against genetic doping. In 1998, the American researcher Lee Sweeney (then at the University of Pennsylvania) had published work on a mouse of which he had modified the IGF-1 gene. With his enlarged muscles, the mouse called "Schwarzenegger" had opened the door to all fantasies, and the researcher had received dozens of calls from athletes and coaches who wanted the "recipe".
Read also: A test to detect genetic doping
Increasing muscle mass and the performance of muscle fibers, respiratory endurance and resistance to pain have been the targets of "traditional" doping, which has been practiced since athletic competitions have existed. From this point of view,
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