An electric vehicle does not emit pollution from the exhaust.
Essel will need electricity production from renewable sources to be truly clean (Photo: ShutterStock)
Charging sites application:
to find the location of the nearest public charging station to you, you can use the charging companies' applications that each show the locations of that company, and whether they are available and working.
To find the positions of all the companies in one place, you can use the Cello Charge application of the Cellopark company developed with state funding, the private Grivo or the cooperative Plug Share.
Air Pollution:
An electric car does not emit pollution in the city and in the lungs of pedestrians.
The production of electricity in power plants instead of an internal combustion engine will usually be cleaner, but this also depends on the source of the electricity, how much of it is produced from polluting coal, natural gas which is cleaner, from nuclear energy that does not exist in Israel to produce electricity, or from clean renewable sources such as solar and wind energy.
However, even with the current composition of electricity production in Israel, 25% coal, 10% renewable energies and the rest from natural gas, driving an electric vehicle creates less air pollution even compared to a hybrid (EA) or plug-in (EA) vehicle.
When there aren't enough public charging stations, drivers' range anxiety increases (Photo: YourParkingSpace.co.uk)
Range anxiety:
the fear that the electricity in the battery will run out before you reach your destination, and that you won't find charging stations along the way.
is fading away as the range of trams and the number of public charging stations (PA) increase, and by using the charging site apps (PA) to locate such stations on your route.
Travel range:
the distance the tram can travel without needing additional charging.
In an electric vehicle, the change is the opposite than in a gasoline vehicle: the range is longer if the entire trip is in the city, and shorter if the entire trip is intercity, this is because of the contribution of regenerative charging (RE) which is mainly used in the city. Today, almost all new trams provide a realistic intercity range of more than From 200 km, cheap Jeeps about 275-300 km, those with the enlarged batteries about 325-400 km, and some luxury models are already capable of more than 500 km.
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Tesla models in the company's fast charging complex (photo: manufacturer's website)
Slow charging (AC):
at home or public stations, with a power of up to 22 kWh. Because most streetcars have an internal charger with a power of 7 to 11 kWh, they are not able to use the full 22 kWh that public chargers have. Slow charging of a battery from 10% to 100% takes between 5 and 7 hours in most trams.
Fast charging (DC):
charging with a power of 50 kW or more, where charging of 150 kWh or more is already defined as ultra-fast.
Because of the heat generated by the fast charging, it slows down after filling 80% of the battery capacity, so that sometimes the charging time from 20% to 80% is similar to 80% to 100%, and usually lasts between 20 and 45 minutes, depending on the power of the position charging and at the maximum power that the vehicle is capable of receiving.
Fast charging is usually 3 times more expensive than home charging and 2 times more expensive than public AC charging.
Home charging:
It is very difficult to own an electric or plug-in vehicle without the ability to charge it in the private house, or in the parking lot of the shared building.
In condominiums, the building permits may try to make the installation difficult, and in any case, the installation of an infrastructure for managed charging stations and an increase in capacity is required to allow a large number of tenants to charge an electric vehicle regularly, a renovation that most condominium parking lots will have to undergo in the coming years.
Public charging:
stations that are open to any electric or plug-in vehicle driver, and are installed at gas stations, shopping centers, designated charging complexes or on city streets that promote electric charging.
The lack of a sufficient public charging infrastructure makes it difficult to use an electric vehicle, especially for those who cannot charge it at home.
Managed charging:
The electricity capacity in the parking lots does not allow parallel charging of several tram cars.
In addition, as more and more toll meters come into use, where the price of electricity changes throughout the hours of the day, the ability to schedule the charging is required, in order to divide the existing electricity between the cars, and allow those interested in this to concentrate the charging during the hours when the electricity is cheaper.
Original car manufacturer charging cable kit (Photo: Kia)
Regenerative charging:
converting the movement energy into electricity, especially during braking.
In this way, the vehicle charges the battery while driving even when it is not connected to electricity, which extends the range in streetcars, and saves fuel in hybrids of their various types.
Regenerative charging saves the use of brakes, which postpones brake pad replacement times and greatly reduces the maintenance costs of a hybrid and electric vehicle compared to gasoline and diesel vehicles.
charging cable:
Electric and plug-in cars are not equipped with a permanent charging cable.
AC slow charging stations (PA) are not equipped with a cable, but DC fast charging stations (PA) are equipped with it.
Either way, it is recommended to carry one of these in the trunk, and because some car importers do not provide it with the car, it must be purchased separately.
There are mod 2 cables for home charging without a charging station, a normal electrical outlet, which due to its limited power provides a very slow charging that is only allowed in Israel for up to two hours continuously, for fear of the outlet heating up and fires.
There are also cables for charging from an industrial socket, which can carry a longer charge.
Mode 3 cables need an AC outlet and allow faster and safer charging.
Grandma's cable:
a nickname applied to mod 2 cables for a normal household outlet, which are often used by electric car owners for emergency charging when there is no AC or DC charging available.
Citroen Jumpy converted to hydrogen drive (Photo: Citroen)
Gray hydrogen:
hydrogen that is produced from natural gas, which neutralizes most of the environmental benefits of using it to drive cars using a fuel cell (PE), due to the use of a non-renewable energy source, and the pollutants that are emitted during the production of the hydrogen.
Green
hydrogen: truly clean hydrogen produced using with renewable energies such as solar or wind, and directly from water while separating the oxygen and hydrogen. As soon as there is a cheap and efficient process for such production, the transition to electric cars powered by a fuel cell will receive a significant boost.
Treasury's nightmare.
Cars that do not consume gasoline, most of the price of which is taxes (Photo: Walla! system, Udi Etzion)
Travel tax:
The heavy taxation on gasoline and diesel brings into the state coffers about NIS 20 billion a year and the switch to electric vehicles reduces the state's income from fuel taxation.
Although the transition to an electric vehicle will reduce the state's expenses for treating diseases that result from air pollution and create quieter cities, the Ministry of Finance is asking the Treasury to promote a similar tax on electric vehicles, by taxing the trip itself.
At the moment, the Treasury proposes to charge 15 cents per kilometer for electric car travel from 2026, according to the mileage that will be calculated in the annual licensing test. Similar attempts already exist in the world, and the state of Queensland in Australia has already begun to collect a tax of 2.6 Australian cents per kilometer from electric car owners, and 2.1 cents from owners of plug-in vehicles.
purchase tax:
While in Europe and the USA, electric car buyers receive tax benefits or direct payments worth thousands of Euros or dollars, in Israel the Ministry of Finance led a policy of collecting tax from electric cars as well, but at a reduced rate. Initially, a purchase tax of only 10% was collected compared to 83% in clearing the green tax benefit from gasoline vehicles , but this year the tax has already doubled to 20% and in 2024 it will rise to 35%.
Better Place battery replacement station.
The idea is making a comeback (Photo: Ronen Topelberg)
Battery:
stores the energy to drive the electric vehicle.
The battery consists of cells that store the electricity charged in it.
The charging capacity is affected by the source, then the capacity is affected and the driving range is shortened.
The batteries are made from expensive and usually rare raw materials, such as lithium, cobalt, copper and more, which makes their price very high.
Car manufacturers and importers currently provide a 7-8 year warranty for the battery, or 150-160 thousand km, and it is estimated that they will offer additional paid warranties when the tram drivers reach the end of the coverage, as is done with hybrid vehicles. The cost of a battery for an electric vehicle can reach tens of thousands of shekels , and in batteries of more than 70-80 kWh also for more than 100 thousand shekels.
But in the event of a malfunction, the failed cell can usually be replaced at a much lower cost.
However, the batteries are sometimes located in the belly of the car, mainly in streetcars converted from gasoline vehicles, and then they are vulnerable to blows from rocks, sidewalks and deceleration strips.
Replaceable battery:
Because of the high price of the batteries, about a decade ago the company Better Place, founded by Shay Agassi, tried to promote the use of electric cars with replaceable batteries.
This way, on the one hand, it was possible to use smaller and less expensive batteries, and on the other hand, to achieve a long driving range by stopping for a few minutes at designated battery exchange stations.
Better Place is simple, but today the idea is being promoted by a number of Chinese car manufacturers and the first is NIO, who identified the use of a replaceable battery as a solution for car drivers who do not have a private or public charging station available, and thus they can still use an electric vehicle.
Chips to activate charging stations.
An important backup for applications (photo: Walla! system, Udi Etzion)
Chip:
The charging stations can usually be activated through the apps of the charging companies, or by using a card with RFID technology, which can be attached to the charging station. The station recognizes the card, knows who to charge for charging, and starts supplying electricity to the vehicle. It is recommended that tram drivers download to a smartphone the apps of the major charging companies, and to register for them, and at the same time to order chips from several charging companies, the cost usually ranges between NIS 15 and 40. Sometimes, due to communication difficulties, it is not possible to activate a slow or fast charging station via the app, but you can via a chip
Kilowatt hour (kWh):
a
term used to measure the capacity of the battery and the power of the charging stations.
A vehicle that consumes 20 kWh per 100 km, and has an 80 kWh battery should be able to travel 400 km.
From right to left: hybrid, electric and plug-in.
Hyundai Ioniq was one of the first cars to offer all the options (Photo: Hyundai)
Hybrid vehicle:
a vehicle that is also equipped with an internal combustion engine, almost always gasoline, an electric motor and a small electric battery, with a capacity of 1.5-2 kilowatts (EA). In most of these cars, the electric motor is used as an auxiliary motor for acceleration, for calm cruising or for low-speed travel, and is capable of allow electric travel only for up to two kilometers, if the battery is fully charged.
It is not possible to connect the vehicle to an external charging source, and the battery is automatically charged every time you brake, or drive downhill using regenerative charging (RA). There are also hybrids in which the electric motor is the main one and the gasoline engine is used to charge the battery as a generator, and is not connected to the wheels at all, or is connected only In cases where a lot of power is required, such as for acceleration.Plug-
in vehicle:
A hybrid that is equipped with a larger battery, usually over 7 kWh that can be charged from an external source and get a completely electric trip for a range of several tens of kilometers, up to about 120 km in new models, mainly from China. This way you can make your daily trips on electricity , without needing a large and expensive battery, which is required for a fully electric vehicle. On long trips, you can achieve a fuel consumption of about 30-40 km per liter, and there is no fear of range anxiety. When the battery is discharged, the vehicle operates like a normal hybrid vehicle. On the other hand, if Do not make sure to charge the battery, the fuel consumption will be higher than in a normal hybrid vehicle, due to the added weight of the larger battery
.
A vehicle that is only equipped with an electric motor and a battery, without the backup of a gasoline or diesel engine.
It does not emit any pollution, its ride is quieter and faster than comparable gasoline vehicles.
But the cost of the battery, the internal charger and the voltage converter is high, and even after the tax benefit, its price is often higher than that of equivalent gasoline vehicles.
In addition, its use depends on the availability of home and public charging, and still requires advance planning of charging on the road during long journeys, while dealing with improper charging stations and queues that sometimes form at charging stations in popular locations.
Toyota Mirai.
Equipped with a fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electricity.
A car that produces its own electricity (photo: Toyota)
Fuel Cell:
Technology that produces electricity from a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
The great advantage is that the process does not create air pollution, but only water, and makes it possible to generate electricity in the vehicle, after filling with hydrogen, which takes several minutes, much faster even than fast charging, and while releasing the range limit of a battery-driven electric vehicle.
A fuel cell has long been considered as the drive technology for the vehicles of the future, but its price is still expensive, and the price of hydrogen production has not yet been lowered enough.
Car manufacturers such as Honda and Mercedes already sell such hydrogen vehicles in limited quantities, but their production is still loss-making and the ability to use them depends on the availability of hydrogen fueling stations.
In Israel, for example, there is currently only one, compared to many hundreds in Europe.
A fuel cell is now being encouraged by governments around the world to drive heavy trucks, especially in Europe, because otherwise they need large, heavy and expensive batteries, which impair their carrying capacity.
Developments for trucks and refueling infrastructure for them can be used by private cars that should be offered at an increasing rate in the next decade.
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