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(CNN Spanish) - Migration as a phenomenon made multiple headlines this year and on the border between Mexico and the United States it was the protagonist: from the measures of the Donald Trump government to stop the flow of migrants and questions to conditions in the centers of detention until the tragedy of the migrant father and his little daughter who died drowned trying to cross the Rio Grande.
However, this is only a small portion of the migration - in general and of various types - that is lived globally: one in 30 people is a migrant. This is established by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), which in its Report on Migration in the World 2020 indicates that there are 272 million international migrants worldwide. A figure that, although it is massive, represents 3.5% of the total population. And this, explains the entity, "means that staying in the home country is still the almost universal norm." But the number has been increasing over the years.
Although two thirds of all migrants left their countries for work reasons, IOM recognizes that in the last two years there were significant episodes of migration and displacement "that caused great difficulties, traumas and loss of life," beginning with the conflicts Syria experienced. , Yemen, the Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. But there is also the issue of "extreme violence" in the case of the Rohingya and "serious economic and political instability such as the one that affected millions of Venezuelans." Climate change, of course, cannot be set aside either.
As for the refugees, the one for 2018 was 25.9 million. And what is even more prominent is that 52% of the world's population under this condition are children under 18. The internal displacement was not far behind either: there are 41.3 million people in this situation: the highest number since registration began in 1998, IOM notes. The vast majority comes from Syria.
With these graphs we explain the main figures that migration has left in the world this year. And in some of them you will find comparisons with previous years to better understand how the situation has developed.
IOM explains that the United States has been the main destination of international migrants since 1970. “Since then, the number of people born abroad residing in the country has more than quadrupled, going from less than 12 million, in 1970 , about 51 million in 2019, ”explains the report.
In Latin America the phenomenon has lower proportions, although there are countries such as Argentina, Mexico and Colombia that stand out for the number of migrants they have received this year.
Remittances, a phenomenon that is intrinsically linked to migration, increased by 9% in 2018 compared to the previous year, in a positive trend that began in 2016. Now, IOM explains, remittances have far exceeded since the mid-decade. of the 90 "levels of official development assistance, defined as government assistance aimed at promoting economic development and welfare in developing countries."
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Migration Migrants IOM Refugees