10 archeological finds that prove that the Exodus from Egypt is a true history

The story of the Exodus as it is described in the Bible is considered mostly fiction by historians. But did they just search in the wrong time period?

Yaron Zilberstein

14/04/2022

Thursday, April 14, 2022, 4:00 p.m.

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The Story of the Egyptian Department described in the Bible is a basic stone in biblical history, and yet it is caught As fiction mostly by some scholars and historians.

Yet the story includes a description of supernatural events on a huge scale: the plagues of Egypt, the parting of the Red Sea, the escape of millions of slaves from Egypt and a long and continuous journey of miracles in the desert.

In Jewish tradition, biblical descriptions are treated as an accurate account of past deeds, but archaeologists and biblical scholars try to scientifically answer questions such as whether and when the Exodus occurred, when the stories were written about it and by whom, and how reliable the biblical text is as a historical source.

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There is widespread skepticism about the Exodus from Egypt among archaeologists, but is this skepticism the result of searching for evidence of the Exodus at the wrong time?

The patternsofevidence website compiled a list of ten extraordinary testimonies that support the biblical description and testify to their claim that the Exodus took place hundreds of years before the accepted date.

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The story of the Exodus from Egypt includes a description of supernatural events on a huge scale such as the parting of the Red Sea (Photo: Giphy)

The site quotes from an article published by Ariel David in Haaretz under the headline "Because (not) you were slaves in Egypt: the ancient memories behind the myth of the Exodus", where the views of leading archaeologists on how the description of the Exodus in the Bible never occurred are presented.

One of the leading paragraphs in the article reads: "For decades most scholars agree that there is no evidence to suggest that the narrative of the Exodus reflects a specific historical event. Instead, it is a myth for the Jewish people that has been built, written, written and rewritten for centuries. Multiple traditions, experiences and memories from a variety of sources and different periods. "

This common assessment stems from a lack of evidence for all the events described during the Exodus - from the biblical description of the Israelites' arrival in Egypt, through their enslavement with the explosion of their population to their mass exodus from the land of Egypt destroyed by a series of plagues - to finally conquer Canaan, the Promised Land, 40 years later The exit.

It is true that the evidence for these events seems tenuous when looking for them at a time when it is customary to date the Exodus from Egypt - in the days of the greatest Pharaoh of the new kingdom in Egypt, Ramesses II (usually dating to the 13th century BC).

However, as shown in the film Patterns of Evidence: The Exodus, when looking at earlier periods, a pattern of evidence is revealed that matches the description of the Bible.

If the Exodus occurred in an earlier period it proves that the common understanding about the timeline of the Bible is wrong, or that the dates edited to ancient history and the archaeological finds in this area are incorrectly dated - or that it is some combination of the two.

Their experts compiled a list of ten objects and / or places found and support that what is described in the Bible is true history.

1. The State of Israel

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The Tombstone of Israel (also called the Estella of Israel, the Tomb of the Ranfatah or the Tassel of the Ranfatah) - Archaeologists gave the Egyptian estuary the victory of Pharaoh of the Ranfes, the son of Ramesses II, on his return from one of his conquests in 1208-1209 BC

. An archeological site led by the English archaeologist Flinders Petrie, in the tomb of Pharaoh of Ranfatah in Thebes Temple. It is 318 cm high and 163 cm wide. It is currently on display at the Egyptian National Museum in Cairo

, In the Age of Exodus, it dates to 1208 BCE and was erected in the fifth year of Pharaoh of Ranfatah.

According to the accepted translation, the name of a people or tribe defeated by Pharaoh of Ranfatah appears in scripture, which appeared as follows: "I.si.ri.ar".

It was Peter who immediately grasped the meaning of the name and translated it into "Israel" and according to what is written there as part of his victories in the land of Canaan "Israel was placed without seed for him".

For more than a century it was the oldest known inscription reminiscent of the people of Israel.

It shows that the children of Israel were already in Canaan at this time, at least 40 years after their exodus from Egypt according to biblical chronology.

Scholars who hold the view that the Exodus took place during the time of Ramesses II see this as evidence of an Egyptian attack shortly after the arrival of the Israelites in Canaan.

However, there is no biblical record of the Israelites' confrontation with Egypt during the successful conquest of Canaan. In addition, the fact that the tombstone presents Israel as an established power in the land indicates that it was in fact long after the Exodus and conquest of Canaan.

2. "Mittelsal" house in the city of Everis

At the top of the mound were built storage facilities reminiscent of the "Poor Cities" in the Bible, and Everis became part of the city of Ramesses (Photo: Screenshot, Patterns of Evidence LLC.)

At least 650 years before the construction of the Israeli monument, a Syrian-style house was built on the Nile door of Egypt in the Avaris area.

Whose remains were uncovered by a team of Austrian diggers led by Manfred Bitek who identified him as a "Mitsallhaus" or "middle room house".

This house was part of a Semitic community that settled on pristine land near one of the branches of the Nile River.

Examining the cultural materials left behind, the diggers concluded that the people who lived there came from the Canaanite region and settled there with the approval of the Egyptian government - as there are no comprehensive walls in this thriving community.

Scholars estimate that the city was probably founded around 2000 BC, on the banks of the eastern arm of the Nile and from about 1900 BC began to be inhabited by a population living there from Canaan that consisted mostly of shepherds, soldiers, sailors and artisans in Pharaoh's service.

Remember, in the Bible Abraham came from Haran in northern Syria, his son Isaac also received his bride from there, and his son Jacob lived in Haran for 20 years and there his 11 first sons were born. When Jacob and his sons moved to Egypt during the drought, Pharaoh gave him the best land in Egypt. The Syrian-style house unveiled is exactly the kind of structure one would expect this tribal leader to build for himself.

Most historians agree that from the 17th century BCE large groups of immigrants from the Canaanite region began to settle on the east side of the Nile. These groups were called by the Egyptians the Hyksos, and Everis was the center where they settled. This was also accepted by Yosef ben Matityahu and Eretz Goshen (mentioned in the Bible as the seat of the children of Israel) was identified as the east door of the Nile. The Everis.

A military camp was set up on its ruins, apparently for the purpose of controlling the inhabitants of the occupied area.

At the top of the mound were built storage facilities reminiscent of the "cities of the poor" in the Bible, and Everis became part of the city of Ramesses mentioned in the stories of the enslavement in Egypt, which of course also mentions the Nile (illumination) flowing not far from it.

3. Yosef River (select El Yusuf)

The Joseph River in a 1902 painting (Photo: GettyImages, Elmer Underwood, Bert Elias Underwood)

At the same time that the Mittelsal House was being built and in Egypt the immigrants from Canaan prospered, a canal was developed that ran parallel to the central part of the Nile River for about 100 miles before flowing into a large lake called Fium.

There is no record of what the name of the canal was at that time, but its Arabic name for over a thousand years is "Choose to Joseph" - that is, the waterway of Joseph, which refers to the Prophet Joseph, the Koran's equivalent of the biblical Joseph.

According to the biblical account Joseph was appointed viceroy and second in command of all Egypt after interpreting Pharaoh's dreams of a terrible famine of 7 years.

Is the name of the canal based on an older tradition of a canal built by Joseph as part of the efforts to aid the great famine mentioned in the Bible? Water to the reservoir will help combat any of these options.

4. Proto-Chinese addresses

Another discovery of Flinders Petrie and his wife Hilda was made in the Sinai Peninsula, where the people of ancient Egypt worked in copper and turquoise mines.

At the Sarbit al-Khadam site in Sinai, they found inscriptions in the form of writing that had not been known in the past, which became known as a proto-Chinese.

It turned out that the writing used the oldest alphabet in the world, which was the father of the entire modern alphabet.

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Intriguingly, the inscriptions were in Semitic language.

Not only that, but the inscriptions first appeared in Sinai and Egypt - right at the time of the kingdom in which Joseph and his family lived, and ceased to use this form of writing in Egypt around the Exodus.

Inscriptions in the same style (called Proto-Canaanite when they were in Canaan) appeared later in the Land of Israel.

Some scholars have suggested that these writings were in fact an early form of Hebrew and that they recognized Hebrew words and messages in them.

5. Brooklyn Papyrus

The names of dozens of slaves, including biblical-Israeli names such as "Shifra", "Asher", "Menachem", "Issachar" and more (Photo: brooklynmuseum)

One of the most common arguments against the truths of the story of the Exodus from the Bible is that there is no evidence of a huge Semitic slave population living in Egypt in the era of Pharaoh Ramesses in the 13th century BC.

However, during the Early Middle Kingdom (13th Dynasty, 1750 - 1550 BC) there is evidence of celestial settlements throughout the northeastern Nile Delta. A document further south lists nearly one hundred slaves in one typical Egyptian mansion - most of them celestial. Is a medical papyrus from ancient Egypt that is considered one of the oldest writings preserved on medicine and opiology. The manuscript dates to around 450 BC and is preserved today at the Brooklyn Museum in New York after its full restoration was completed in 1955.

The Bible says that the children of Israel became so numerous that they spread throughout Egypt, but all documents from the Nile Delta area rotted because of the floods that covered the area every year for thousands of years. Although we have no written records from the Egyptian Delta area Among other things, a list of dozens of slaves, including biblical-Israeli names such as "Shifra", "Asher", "Menachem", "Issachar" and more.

Solve Temple

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The story of the Exodus from Egypt clarifies (Chapter Names, Verse B), which has never heard of God's divine - "and will happen - whoever wants to see Yahamel, and do not you trust," But is that true?

In the ancient temple of Solev in Nubia (modern Sudan), an inscription of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (who lived more than a century before Ramesses II) lists the enemies of Egypt.

One of these enemies is the "Shasu (nomads) of Yahweh."

This is the oldest known inscription that uses the name "Yahweh", showing that after the Exodus from Egypt, the God of Israel was no longer anonymous to the Pharaohs.

The topographical list from the time of Amenhotep III found in the Temple in Solev mentions six areas where Shasu lived: a hairy land in the south of the land of Canaan, the land of Yahweh - whose location is unknown, a white land (probably "Laban", mentioned in Deuteronomy 1; "C 20 - 21), the land of Tzerim, the land of Tzomet, the land of Verber and the land of Pisps. It is claimed that the name" Land of Yahweh "indicates that tribes in this region worshiped Yahweh. The "Shasu of Yahweh" is also mentioned in the lists of conquered peoples in the structure from the time of Ramesses II in the western Mamara, which is also in Nubia. Pharaoh of Ranfatah, which includes a report from the Egyptian border crossing at Silla, which is on the route of the present-day Suez Canal - is reminiscent of the arrival of the "Shasu of Edom" to Egypt.

7. The stone inscription on the pedestal Berlin

The Tombstone of Israel is no longer considered to contain the oldest known mention of "Israel" in the inscription.

The Berlin footstool features a set of rings with the names (each of which is associated with a description of a captive prisoner) of enemies in the Canaanite area - with damage to the right ring in the picture.

Beneath each of the prisoners appears the name of a place occupied during the war campaign that the inscription came to commemorate.

Two places are clearly written: on the left is the word Ashkelon, on the right is the word Canaan.

Whereas the right-hand inscription is more broken in such a way that only half of it is seen.

Outline of the Berlin pedestal, showing reconstruction of the vulture hieroglyph.

[WJ] pic.twitter.com/jfOp8rS3FJ

- Howard Fleisher (@crunchtimelover) April 18, 2019

A reconstruction of the name ring by German Egyptologists Manfred Gorge, Peter van der Wein and Christopher Theis showed that it mentions the word "Israel" in the name.

The date of the pedestal is controversial, but most scholars date it somewhere around a century before the Ramses period.

If the children of Israel were in the area of ​​Canaan at that time, the Exodus from Egypt would have occurred at least 40 years before this point.

8. Is this Joseph?

A palace, a tomb and a statue of a senior official of my name

The sculpture had all the motifs indicating that it was a Semitic figure from the Canaanite region - including a cotton with stripes in many colors. (Photo: Screenshot, Patterns of Evidence)

After the demolition of the Mittelsal house in the city of Everis, a new palace was built on the site for a senior official of Shemi descent.

The Bible states that Joseph was highly rewarded for saving Egypt from starvation - was this palace part of the prize?

Behind this palace was a group of 12 tombs with chapels attached to each. One of these tombs was unique - because it was in the shape of a small pyramid with a statue of The statue had all the motifs indicating that it was a Semitic figure from the Canaanite region - including a cotton with stripes in many colors.

Egyptologist Charles Elling said it was difficult to see the possibility that this tomb was created for someone other than Joseph.

He explained: "It is not unusual for a tomb to have a statue, but it is unusual to have such a large statue, twice the size of an ordinary person. It tells us that it was a very important person. Of course it is not a tomb or a palace of Pharaoh, but the man who lived There - one can identify his nationality by looking at the fragments of the statue.There are three things: his hairstyle (which we often call a mushroom hairstyle), the weapon he carries on his shoulder - a shot stick - and the color of his yellow skin. "That it was a senior of my name. Either it's Joseph, or it's someone who has a career remarkably similar to his own. In any case - it's an amazing find."

9. Papyrus Epiphany

Egypt is depicted in the papyrus in a state of anarchy and chaos - natural disasters and slave revolt (Photo: image processing, public domain)

One of the common accusations made against the truths of the Exodus from Egypt is that there is no hint of anything resembling the disaster that befell Egypt in Egyptian documents from the time of Ramesses.

The disasters that Egypt experienced according to the Bible were so severe that the society that suffered from them would collapse. In fact, each of the plagues that befell Egypt (ambush to frogs, hail to water that turns to blood) is used in John's vision in the New Testament to describe apocalyptic events.

But a papyrus that dates to the end of the 13th century BC and is housed in the Leiden Museum in the Netherlands, actually documents a period of great disasters that befell Egypt and the chaos created as a result of the society collapsing.

It is known as "Ipoor's Conversation with the Lord of All" or the Ippur Papyrus, and already in its early stages it uses some expressions that have a striking resemblance to the Exodus story.

It mentions the river that turns to blood, darkness, general destruction, wailing throughout the land, many dead and the slave who takes what he finds, while gold, silver and precious stones are worn on the necks of the slave women - while the Bible says the children of Israel asked for silver and gold jewelry when they left Egypt. , And the Egyptians gave them what they asked for (Exodus 11: 2)

Egypt is depicted in the papyrus in a state of anarchy and chaos - natural disasters, overthrowing classes, rebellion against their masters, a time when everything was looted, robbed and murdered.

The rich have become poor, the poor are rich, and war, epidemics, famine and death are everywhere.

The women have become infertile and are unable to conceive.

People are buried in the river.

The desert spreads in Egypt, settlements are destroyed, savages come from outside to settle in it, and the king is taken by the poor.

A sign of the company's crash is the lament that servants are leaving their service and acting rebelliously.

In popular books, TV movies and websites there are those who present the Papyrus Epiphany as historical evidence of the plagues of Egypt and the Exodus from Egypt, but many other descriptions in the papyrus do not match the description of the Exodus from Egypt.

While some scholars focus on the copy date of the papyrus found in the Leiden Museum (19th Dynasty - New Kingdom) and others speculate on what events the document may speak of (most think it describes the fall of the ancient kingdom several centuries earlier), first determine when the story The original was written.

The consensus among modern experts is that what we have is a copy of a description originally written at a very late stage in the Middle Ages - about the age that corresponds to the description in the Bible. For example, the papyrus speaks of pyramid builders in the present,

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10. The walls of Jericho

A painting of the fall of the walls of Jericho by the children of Israel (Photo: GettyImages, Culture Club)

According to Patterns of Evidence scholars, who claim that their goal is to find the answer to the historical credibility of the Bible - perhaps the biggest claim made against the truth of the Exodus events as described in the Bible is the lack of evidence for the conquest of Canaan 40 years after the Exodus. Again - they claim) evidence can be found that matches what is described in the Bible, just hundreds of years before the time of Ramesses.

The most obvious example of this is the walls of Jericho.

The Bible says the walls fell as the children of Israel marched around the city, sounding trumpets and shouting. Then they burned the city. Archaeologists discovered that the high walls of the city did fall outward down the slope on which the city was built. To conquer it. A very thick layer of fire that occurred after the fall of the walls that testified to extremely high temperatures convinced the researchers that the city was intentionally burned by an enemy. And they match exactly the biblical description of a siege shortly after Passover.The

group of scholars concludes that the debate over the exact date of the final destruction of the city of Jericho will continue, but there is no doubt that the evidence matches the Bible in many, specific and unique ways.

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