As of: February 8, 2024, 3:00 p.m
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Fantastically beautiful on the mountain, cloudy and foggy in the valley: a few days in January were characterized by this weather condition.
© Bruno Schäfer
In January 2024 it was often significantly warmer on the Hoher Peißenberg than in the valley.
And there was another record day.
A weather review.
Hohenpeißenberg – The new year started mildly and frost-free.
Over the turn of the year, from December 21st to January 6th, the temperatures on the Hoher Peißenberg - in the middle of the core period of winter - were consistently positive.
Stormy and unstable westerly weather prevailed until January 4th.
It rained every day.
Then the weather situation changed completely.
Cold winter air from the Arctic rushed in.
It snowed from the evening of January 5th to the morning of January 8th - after these 60 hours of light, continuous snowfall, the snow cover was 29 centimeters deep.
During this time, 48 liters of precipitation fell per square meter, which is already 83 percent of the total expected for the entire January.
Permanent fog and permanent frost on the Hoher Peißenberg
On January 8th and 9th there was constant fog on the Hoher Peißenberg.
In permanent frost, this led to centimeter-thick fog frost deposits - a high winter atmosphere was created.
All trees and objects were covered in thick white.
While the sun did not shine at all from January 5th to 9th, this series of cloudy days was followed by five days of maximum sunshine from January 10th to 14th with seven to almost nine hours a day with excellent visibility.
The weather was like something out of a picture book.
The winter sports conditions were quite good with mostly 25 centimeters of snow.
Below the Hoher Peißenberg, however, these days were very mixed with a mix of fog, sun and permanent gray.
The warm air first became noticeable at altitude
On January 15th, milder Atlantic sea air approached.
At first it was not able to penetrate to the ground.
Black ice formed on the Hoher Peißenberg in the morning hours at minus four degrees Celsius and drizzle.
Rain fell on January 17th and 18th with temporary temperatures of up to plus eight degrees.
There were severe traffic disruptions across Germany due to freezing rain.
On January 19th and 20th, the cold air returned to southern Germany with permanent frost.
But then winter said goodbye again for the rest of the month.
Initially there was high pressure.
The warm air first became noticeable at altitude.
This led to very large temperature differences between the mountain and the valley on January 22nd.
At 8 a.m. a temperature of nine degrees Celsius was measured on the Hoher Peißenberg with very dry air (humidity 13%).
In the valleys around the mountain it was minus three to minus seven degrees.
Heat record on January 29th
From January 23rd it became very stormy with peak gusts of up to 115 km/h (hurricane-like storm) on the Hohen Peißenberg on January 24th.
The trigger was a significant storm depression over Norway with very low air pressure of up to 950 hPa and at the same time high air pressure over Spain with over 1040 hPa.
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On the Hoher Peißenberg the last remnants of snow melted away at eleven degrees on January 24th.
Rain fell daily from January 22nd to 26th.
Afterwards, the influence of high pressure prevailed until the end of the month.
There was no precipitation with plenty of sunshine and the temperatures managed to set a new record once again: Never since the series of measurements began in 1781 has a January 29th been as warm as this year's with a maximum of 15.1 degrees Celsius and a daily average of 10 ,0 degrees.
This day was something special.
It started in the morning with ten degrees (in Weilheim it was minus four degrees) and humidity of only nine percent.
Once again the cause was warm air at altitudes with almost no wind.
The mild air reached Central Europe from the southwestern Mediterranean and Spain.
From January 30th, the warm air had spread throughout Germany with double-digit maximums and down to the ground.
Plenty of precipitation and comparatively high temperatures in January 2024
Overall, January was 1.5 degrees too warm with a monthly average temperature of 1.0 degrees (long-term average from 1991 to 2020).
Compared to 1961-1990, the deviation was even 2.6 degrees.
The warmest temperature was on January 29th at 15.1 degrees, the lowest temperature was measured on January 9th at minus 10.1 degrees.
There were 17 frost days and nine ice days with permanent frost.
There was a solid blanket of snow from January 6th to 22nd.
Rainfall was again very plentiful - at 110 liters per square meter, almost double (189 percent) of the long-term average, after double the amount fell in December and even three times the amount in November.
The sun impressed again with overtime.
On the Hoher Peißenberg it shone for 123 hours (133 percent) - across Germany the average was only 70 hours.
There were only seven days without sunshine on the Hoher Peißenberg.
Wind peaks of over 20 m/s were measured on eight days, which means that by definition they were storm days.
Siegmar Lorenz