People with Disabilities Day was noted this week - what terms / phrases can bring them closer? • And also: Is an ally circumcised or a partner?
This week was marked "Disabled People's Day" worldwide. The attitude and interest in the subject has greatly increased in recent years. On the one hand stands the values of equal rights and equal opportunities, and the perception that every person is born in the image. On the other hand, those with disabilities suffer in almost every aspect. Financially, socially, mentally, and also in their ability to enjoy daily life in public space. There is a discrepancy between the stated attitude towards them as equal human beings, and the relation that they actually receive.
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Language has an important role to play in this regard. The words or terms in which the company calls the disabled people shape their attitude. A language that highlights disability and the difference keeps the disability away from society. Equal or close language, but not ignored, may bring them closer. This is where political correctness comes into play, in the good sense of the word. Political correctness is a tool of civil society to protect the weaker groups within it, women, LGBT people and ethnic minorities, as well as the disabled. Roaming among the many terms in the field reveals dilemmas, as well as confusion. Do you name a child and help get it, or bypass disability on the way Creatively using language.
Autistic. Until recently, this large group has mysteriously enveloped them, and their children have even been given names like "Fairy Children," "Angels," and more. When the new diagnosis was widened, autism was seen as a severe disability, and among the children of Israel "autistic" was a scolding. Today the term is legitimate for use of the term, thanks to some groundbreaking figures. And see "On the Continuum."
Has special needs. An umbrella term for all types of disabilities, which emphasizes that each person has "needs", but these are different needs, and of greater intensity. Was coined following the English phrase "special needs". And see "special."
Having Down syndrome. A way to present certain disabilities through a neutral scientific diagnosis. "Down syndrome" has replaced the offending "Mongoloid". People with Down syndrome often say ironically "I am the syndrome."
Mentally ill. Name a child by name? There are claims by Freud that the phrase mental illness is the right, the best and even the most humanistic one for the mentally ill, as it allows them to be treated, and not seen as creatures that have lost a human photographer. The anti-psychiatric school opposes the very separation of the locks in their souls from others.
Unusual. Problematic attempt to treat the disabled, especially children, to enable proper treatment of them. But the phrase creates exclusion and even harm.
Vision impaired, hearing impaired. A person whose vision or hearing is impaired. Displays the defect as one who has not completely lost the sense. Sometimes it is also attributed to the blind or the completely deaf.
Learning impairment. A popular solution that allows you to pinpoint difficulty and scarcity without eliminating what is restricted from other people. However, a distinction was made here between the disabled and the intellectually or educationally disabled. LKH is a Talmudic root, parallel to the CWC. If the "crippled" is the one who was beaten, the "crippled" is the one who struck him. The root source is in Akkadian, where laku means weak. The connection between "impairment" and disability or physical or mental defect appears smartly. In addition, Ben Azai is quoted as saying: "Every man in his body because of his wisdom, a beautiful sign for him. His wisdom for his body, a bad sign for him." 'Lack' turned out to be a winning word. It can be infused with almost any matter, and has ample scope for language. There is an intellectual disability, an intellectual disability, a learning disability and cognitive impairment.
challenged. English term: challenged, which presents the disabled person as a stronger person, as he faces more difficulties than the ordinary person. Hence, in English, combinations such as intellectually challenged, physically challenged and more were created. Israelis did not like what was perceived as smart, and they also added ridiculous additions: low is 'vertically challenged' and oil is 'horizontally challenged'. The spokesperson website offered the challenged "face to face" person who can't talk to his friend directly or over the phone, but only on a computer.
limited. The terms limitation, disability and disability penetrated the discourse of the 1970s. The success of the term stems from being balanced: it also calls the child by name, and does not exclude it from the rest of humans. And since each of us is limited at one level or another, it's all a matter of degree and difficulty.
interrupted. Behavioral or mental disorder is a common and legitimate diagnosis. However, ‘disturbed’ is a stigma.
Special. It is not less than an ordinary person, it is not rejected, it is different, and it is even special, that is, with a pronounced variance. In English, the word special was used, and it became a king, especially in the field of education: special care, special classes and more.
Detained . Politically correct term for what is called retarded. Also: 'developmentally delayed child'. In Israel, the nickname is reminiscent of the criminal-police field and the law of women, from 'detained exit' to 'detained divorce'.
retarded. Retardation is a cognitive diagnosis that refers to low levels of IQ. Moron is a person who has an IQ between 50 and 70, Dabil has an IQ from 70 to 90. An idiot has an IQ from 25 and below. These have all become foolish expressions. So did other words related to the psychological and military jargon: Degenerate, Defect, Psychic, DF, Kaba, and more. Purely, and in its place, the term "The R word" is used very cautiously, too. In Hebrew, the word is considered offensive, despite its scientific status.
crazy. A biblical word that has become obsolete in the discourse, even for political correctness.
handicapped. This word has been fought a linguistic struggle. Attempts to replace the term so as not to offend are increasingly viewed as a disregard for society's special needs for the disabled. Therefore, she returned as a formal word on behalf of the disabled themselves. In English, there is a transition from political correctness from handicapped or cripple to disabled.
Disabled senses. Blind or deaf. A rare term used only in the professional community.
On the continuum. Contribution of scientific research to political correctness. The Autistic Sequence breaks down the autistic faceless package. The distinction made by the researchers for a group called Asperger's has helped release this group from the general stigma, and even portray Asperger's as "talented autistic."
People ... a preposition that allows one to separate one's disability. "Students with mental retardation", "person with intellectual disability", "child or adult with Down syndrome", and general: "people with disabilities".
Injured. A term that expands the possibilities in the diverse world of mental injuries, and incorporates stigmatized mental illnesses with similarly unrelated mental injuries, such as battle shock or clinical depression.
Literary Arabic, spoken Arabic and the student in between
The harsh results of PISA tests among Arab students have resulted in a wave of reactions. Most of them relate to the low investment in Arab education, and to the lack of proper teachers. But this gap is another factor that is less talked about, even though it has been well known for years. It mainly harms the children's language skills. , And this has an effect on all subjects.
A few years ago, I was invited to attend a committee of the Academy of Sciences, which included, among other things, extensive language teaching in Arab schools. Dr. Elinor Saig Haddad led the subject, which presented extensive research on the subject. The phenomenon, which is also the source of difficulty, is that Arabic is built on a hierarchy of literary Arabic, hyphenation, and dialects of spoken language. Thus, an Arab child is fluent in the spoken language, in the dialect in which he is raised, but when he comes to school he cannot use his linguistic knowledge. In fact, he must learn a new language. Under certain conditions bilingualism may be good for linguistic development, but not in this case. It causes a delay.
Diglossia, says Sage-Hadad, is characterized by an extreme situation in which the gap between the spoken mother tongue with which the child comes to school differs in many dimensions from the school language, the written language. It creates a kind of linguistic disability, which does not adapt to the rules and grammar of literary Arabic. Or the normative, and feel insecure about it, the phenomenon, she says, also characterizes Arabic-speaking adults, moreover, the language taught at school does not serve real life, and the doctor who explains the problem to the patient will use the spoken language so that they will understand and communicate with him.
Sage-Hadad is trying to lead, along with colleagues, a course of study that uses the spoken language dialect, mother tongue, school learning, and a link between it and literary Arabic. The plans, it must be said, are met with little resistance by conservative elements in the Arab education system who oppose the leakage of spoken language into literary districts. A real factor in this regard is the social network in which spoken Arabic is written. The walls are starting to burst, but that is not a satisfactory answer. The solution should be in the education system, and from the lower grades.
An ally or an ally?
Erna writes: "I refer to the things you wrote about Yechiel Michal Pines on a multilingual website: 'Was Ben-Yehuda's ally.' Is not an ally a Jew, while here is meant to partner, were we an ally?" Ruby adds: "In my youth, they claimed that an ally was circumcised, and an ally he was a partner, a friend. Is there a change or is my memory a cargo? Maybe I went old-fashioned?"
The claim that an ally is an incorrect phrase is based on the meaning of the combination in the sources. The tractate Baba Batra in Mishnah reads: "Assets of Bnei Brith, Special Properties and Anywhere Except for the Special Pest Authority". Here is the reference to a Jew, who came in Abraham's covenant. However, in New Hebrew, the use of "ally" has spread in common meaning, and is used to a greater extent than "ally." There is no reason to reject this use, even if its sources mean different.
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